Nationalism

China

Political Parties in China 1920s: Central authority in China ceases 1920s: Central authority in China ceases Nationalist Party: Headed by Sun Yixian Nationalist Party: Headed by Sun Yixian 1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is formed 1921: The CCP (Chinese Communist Party) is formed –Soviets advise the CCP to join with the Nationalists to bring change to China… WHY? –The Nationalists and Sun Yixian welcome the help –1922: Form an alliance to oppose warlords and imperialists

Sun Yixian & Chiang Kai Shek (Jiang Jieshi)

Taking Control of China… For three years the parties worked together and took control of all of China south of the Yangtze River. For three years the parties worked together and took control of all of China south of the Yangtze River. The groups split: WHY? The groups split: WHY? In 1925 General Chiang Kai-shek launched the Shanghai Massacre. In 1925 General Chiang Kai-shek launched the Shanghai Massacre. > 1000’s were killed > The alliance ceased to exist

Kai-Shek founded a new republic at Nanjing and tried to reunify the country.

Most Communist leaders went into hiding in Shanghai. Most Communist leaders went into hiding in Shanghai. Some communists fled south to Jiangxi Some communists fled south to Jiangxi Here a young leader by the name of Mao Zedong would take control Here a young leader by the name of Mao Zedong would take control –He believed that a revolution of peasants driven by poverty would be successful… Who does that sound like?

Mao Zedong Mao Zedong Mao’s used Guerrilla tactics to fight against the larger Chinese army Mao’s used Guerrilla tactics to fight against the larger Chinese army

The Long March In 1933 The Chinese army had Mao’s Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) surrounded. In 1933 The Chinese army had Mao’s Peoples Liberation Army (PLA) surrounded. But the PLA broke through the lines over 6,000 miles to protect their base camp. But the PLA broke through the lines over 6,000 miles to protect their base camp. They fought all the way there They fought all the way there Many starved or froze to death. Many starved or froze to death. Of the 90,000 who started the march, only 9,000 survived. Of the 90,000 who started the march, only 9,000 survived. Many thought the Communist threat was over, But Mao had become a hero. Many thought the Communist threat was over, But Mao had become a hero.

The Long March

New China Under Kai-shek Kai-shek announced that the plans of Sun Yixian would be lived out Kai-shek announced that the plans of Sun Yixian would be lived out Political training would be required to prepare them for a constitutional government. Political training would be required to prepare them for a constitutional government. Till then the Nationalist would use dictatorial powers to: Till then the Nationalist would use dictatorial powers to: > institute land reforms > modernize industry

Years of civil war and neglect made it a very tough task to change China. Years of civil war and neglect made it a very tough task to change China. There were clashes between the middle and peasant classes. There were clashes between the middle and peasant classes. Kai-shek tried to link Confucian values with modern Western innovations. Kai-shek tried to link Confucian values with modern Western innovations. > called the “New life Movement” Kai-shek was also faced with other problems such as: Kai-shek was also faced with other problems such as: Keeping control over all the provinces Keeping control over all the provinces The Great Depression The Great Depression Attacks from Japan Attacks from Japan

Kai-shek did have some successes such as: > Massive road building projects > rebuilt and extended the railroad > established a national bank >improved the educational system His major failure was in not being able to deal with redistributing the wealth. His major failure was in not being able to deal with redistributing the wealth. This will come back to haunt China in 1945 This will come back to haunt China in 1945

Communist Revolution 1949

China under Communist Rule Mao Zedong will rule until his death in 1976 Mao Zedong will rule until his death in 1976 –Communist government very oppressive –Intellectuals and any and all opponents are silenced This oppression leads to the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989 This oppression leads to the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989

Tiananmen Square