Tuesday September 2, 2014 Mr. Goblirsch – U.S. History OBJECTIVE – Students Will Be Able To – SWBAT : -Identify how the Revolutionary War ended and describe the problems of the Articles of Confederation that led to the creation of the Constitution. AGENDA: 1)WARM-UP: Constitution Vocab 2)INSTRUCTION: Revolution & Articles of Confederation 3)PARTNER ACTIVITY: Constitutional Convention Chart 4)CLOSURE: Revolution & Early Government Review Constitution Vocab WARM-UP: (Follow the directions below) ***5 Minutes*** Define the terms below using the glossary of your textbook. 1. Republic 2. Articles of Confederation 3. Federalism 4. Checks & balances

CHAPTER 2: REVOLUTION AND ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION

THE WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE – SECTION 2 Colonists divided between Loyalists and Patriots Colonists divided between Loyalists and Patriots New York City early site of battles New York City early site of battles Colonial troops retreat, then surprise British troops at Saratoga Colonial troops retreat, then surprise British troops at Saratoga

WINNING THE WAR With French military leader Marquis de Lafayette’s help, Colonial troops became effective fighters With French military leader Marquis de Lafayette’s help, Colonial troops became effective fighters May 1780, British troops successfully take Charles Town, S.C. May 1780, British troops successfully take Charles Town, S.C. However, it was the last major victory for the British as General Cornwallis finally surrendered at Yorktown, Va. on October 18, 1781 However, it was the last major victory for the British as General Cornwallis finally surrendered at Yorktown, Va. on October 18, 1781 The Americans victory shocked the world The Americans victory shocked the world Cornwallis surrenders

TREATY OF PARIS Peace talks began in Paris in 1782 Peace talks began in Paris in 1782 American negotiating team included John Jay, John Adams, and Ben Franklin American negotiating team included John Jay, John Adams, and Ben Franklin Treaty signed in September of 1783 and officially recognized the independence of the United States and set boundaries Treaty signed in September of 1783 and officially recognized the independence of the United States and set boundaries

Structured Academic Discussion The loyalists were___ and ___; the patriots were___ and ___ The loyalists were___ and ___; the patriots were___ and ___ The Treaty of Paris… The Treaty of Paris…

CONFEDERATION AND THE CONSTITUTION – SECTION 3 After the Revolution, many favored a Republic After the Revolution, many favored a Republic Some supported a strong federal government (Federalists) while others favored states rights (Anti- Federalists) Some supported a strong federal government (Federalists) while others favored states rights (Anti- Federalists)

ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION The Second Continental Congress issued a set of laws called the Articles of Confederation in 1781 The Second Continental Congress issued a set of laws called the Articles of Confederation in 1781 Gave states one vote each in Congress regardless of population of state Gave states one vote each in Congress regardless of population of state Split power between National Government and State Split power between National Government and State

ACCOMPLISHMENTS OF ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION America’s first Constitution America’s first Constitution Established National governments ability to wage war, sign treaties, coin money, run post office Established National governments ability to wage war, sign treaties, coin money, run post office Land Ordinance of 1785 – made land parcels small & affordable Land Ordinance of 1785 – made land parcels small & affordable Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – set requirement for states Northwest Ordinance of 1787 – set requirement for states

WEAKNESSES OF THE ARTICLE OF CONFEDERATION Congress could not collect taxes Congress could not collect taxes Each state had one vote regardless of population Each state had one vote regardless of population No executive branch No executive branch No national court system No national court system Nine of thirteen states needed to agree to pass any law Nine of thirteen states needed to agree to pass any law Lacked national unity Lacked national unity Weak Central Gov’t Weak Central Gov’t

Structured Academic Discussion Which of the previous weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation were the weakest? Why??? Which of the previous weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation were the weakest? Why???

SHAY’S REBELLION An event that highlighted the weakness of the Central (National) government was Shay’s Rebellion An event that highlighted the weakness of the Central (National) government was Shay’s Rebellion Farmers in western Massachusetts rose up in protest over increased taxes Farmers in western Massachusetts rose up in protest over increased taxes Daniel Shay led 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal in Springfield Daniel Shay led 1,200 farmers toward the arsenal in Springfield The event caused alarm throughout the republic The event caused alarm throughout the republic 1787

Planning a New Govt Republic rule through elected reps OR Democracy rule directly by the people FEAR power in the hands of uneducated masses

Constitutional Convention (May 1787) Issues CONFLICT 1.Representation 2.Slaves 3.Division of Power 4.Limiting Nat’l Gov’t authority 5.Ratification SIDES 1.Big v. Small States Briefly describe the issue 2.North v. South Briefly describe the issue 3.Strong Gov’t v. Strong States Briefly describe the issue 4. Prevent to strong of Nat’l Gov’t Briefly describe the issue 5. Federalists v. Antifederalists COMPROMISE DIRECTIONS: Read Pgs and complete the chart below in your notebook. Briefly describe the conflict between the two sides and the compromise decided on.

CONFLICT Large States vs Small States Reps by population or Only 1 Rep COMPROMISE The Great Compromise 2 House Congress Senate (2 Reps) chosen by state legislature House of Reps (pop) chosen by voters

VIRGINIA VS. NEW JERSEY PLANS Virginia Plan: Bicameral Legislature based on state population Virginia Plan: Bicameral Legislature based on state population New Jersey Plan: Unicameral Legislature based on one state = one vote New Jersey Plan: Unicameral Legislature based on one state = one vote

CONFLICT North vs South Slave Issue N Slaves not counted in pop (H of R) Slaves counted when levying taxes S Slaves counted in pop (H of R) Slaves not counted when levying taxes COMPROMISE 3/5 th Compromise 3/5 th of a states slaves count in population

CONFLICT Strong Central Govt or Strong States Govt COMPROMISE Federalism Pwr divided between National & State govt Delegated Powers (National govt) Reserved Powers (State govt) Shared Powers (Tax & Courts)

CONFLICT Limit Authority of the National Govt COMPROMISE Separation of Powers Legislative— make laws Executive— administer the laws Judicial— interpret laws & settle disputes Checks & Balances Prevents any one from dominating the others

SEPARATION OF POWERS: Montesquieu

CONFLICT Ratifying the New Constitution 9 out of 13 must approve it Federalists---favored balance of pwr Antifederalists--opposed strg central govt COMPROMISE Bill of Rights Govt must protect citizens & states rights and freedoms

ADOPTION OF THE BILL OF RIGHTS To satisfy the States- Rights advocates, a Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to guarantee individual rights To satisfy the States- Rights advocates, a Bill of Rights was added to the Constitution to guarantee individual rights The Bill of Rights was ratified in December of three years after the Constitution was ratified The Bill of Rights was ratified in December of three years after the Constitution was ratified First Ten Amendments

REVIEW: Revolution & Early Government 1. The Treaty of Paris (1781) … 2. The Articles of Confederation … 3. At the Constitutional Convention …