Landscapes A landscape is a region on Earth’s surface. (See p. 2 of your reference table)

What are the three types of landscapes?  Mountains  Plateaus  Plains

What causes the formation of landscapes?  Climate  Local Bedrock  Human Activities.

How do we determine what type of landscape it is?  On the basis of –Gradient –Elevation –Rock Structure Landscapes are divided into three major types mountains, plains and plateaus

Mountain  Characteristics –High Elevation –Distorted Rock Structure  Due to convergent plate movement, faults, folds and volcanic rock

Plateau  Characteristics –High Elevation –Rock is not distorted –Formed by agents or erosion

Plain  Characteristics –Low Elevation –Level Surface with very little change in slope

 Picture A represents a mountain  Picture B represents a plateau  Picture C represents a plain

Factors of Landscape Development  Uplifting Forces –Originate beneath or within Earth’s lithosphere. They displace and form new rock material to raise the land.  Leveling forces –Erosion and weathering the landscape will be lowered  Impact Craters –The collision of meteorites, asteroids and comets has been a major contributor to landscapes.  Climate –The rate of development and the characteristics of landscapes in an area are greatly influenced by temperature and moisture conditions.

Arid Climate  In arid climates, there is little vegetation to hold the sediments in place on steeper slopes or at the bases of the slopes so wind and running water can rapidly carry sediments away.  This rapid removal of sediments causes many arid regions to have steep slopes and sharp, angular landscape features.

Humid Climate  In humid climates, sediments on hillslopes and at the bases of hillslopes, are better held in place by vegetation.  Areas of humid climates are characterized by the smooter and more rounded landscape features.

Effects of Climate on Landscape Development (see p. 308 in your regent review book)  Picture A represents a humid climate  Picture B represents a dry, arid climate

Drainage Patterns  Over time, a stream system achieves a particular drainage pattern to its network of stream channels and tributaries as determined by local geologic factors.  Their shape or pattern develops in response to the local topography and subsurface geology

Dendritic Pattern  A dendritic drainage pattern is the most common form and looks like the branching pattern of tree roots.  It develops in regions underlain by sedimentary rocks and lava flow with similar resistance to weathering.  It develops in regions underlain by sedimentary rocks and lava flow with similar resistance to weathering.  What it looks like

Trellis Drainage  Trellis drainage patterns look similar to their namesake, the common garden trellis.  Trellis drainage develops in folded topography like that found in the Appalachian Mountains of North America.  What it looks like

Radial Drainage  The radial drainage pattern develops around a central elevated point. This pattern is common to such conically shaped features as volcanoes. The tributary streams extend the headward reaches upslope toward the top of the volcano  What it looks like

Annular Drainage  Annular drainage is found in areas of domed structure with much difference in rock resistance  Forms when layers of rock are uplifted into a dome or down-warped into a basin  What it looks like

Lab Activity #12, Landscapes, July 28, 2010  Please complete lab activity #12: Landscapes.  When finished please complete –Questions 1-6 on page 304 –Questions 7-18 on pages –Questions on pages

HW #12, July 28, 2010  Please complete –Questions 1-6 on page 304 –Questions 7-18 on pages –Questions on pages