1. Weathering, erosion, soils and deposition, and glaciers
EARTH SCIENCE
Weathering, erosion, soils and deposition, and glaciers

2. WEATHERING
THE BREAK DOWN OF EARTH MATERIALS
FOR EXAMPLE:
BREAKING A ROCK APART WITH TREE ROOTS

3. TYPES OF WEATHERING CHEMICAL CARBONATION HYDRATION OXIDATION ACID RAIN
PHYSICAL
Exfoliation
PLANT ACTION
FROST ACTION
ABRASION
CHEMICAL
CARBONATION
HYDRATION
OXIDATION
ACID RAIN

4. Physical Weathering
Ice Wedges
water seeps into cracks in rock, freezes and expands, melts and contracts, forcing the rock to crumble.

5. CHEMICAL WEATHERING Ex. ACID RAIN
The acid rain changes the chemical composition of rocks . The new composition tends to be weaker and more easily broken apart

6. CLIMATE & WEATHERING RATES
COLD/MOIST CLIMATES
PHYSICAL WEATHERING
ex. frost action
reason for potholes

7. CLIMATES AND WEATHERING RATES
WARM/MOIST
CHEMICAL WEATHERING
most chemical processes naturally speed up with warmer temperatures and water

8. Weathering rates

9. Which will weather the fastest?

10. EROSION (carries weathered material away)

11. Gravity - driving force
AGENTS OF EROSION
Wind
Running Water
Glaciers
Gravity - driving force

12. WIND EROSION YouTube - Sand storm
Sediments that have been eroded by wind tend to appear frosted and pitted dune formation

13. Running Water Erosion
Sediments eroded by running water tend to appear rounded and smooth
running water is the dominant agent of erosion example

14. Glacial Erosion
Sediments eroded by a glacier tend to appear elongated and scratched from the heavy mass of ice dragging sediments away.

15. Gravity : landslide
Sediments eroded by gravity form unsorted piles of angular rock pieces called talus.

16. Factors Affecting sediment transportation in a stream
Gradient (slope)
steeper slope, faster flow, more erosion
discharge of a stream
greater volume, faster flow, more erosion
channel shape
straighter the shape, faster flow, more erosion

17. Gradient The steeper the slope the faster the stream flow
The faster the flow, the more erosion.

18. Stream Discharge
Discharge is the total amount of water passing a certain point.
The more water passing a certain point, the more erosion occurs.

19. Channel Shape - meanders
Water travels fastest on the outside of the bend (more EROSION)
Water travels slowest on the inside of the bend (more DEPOSITION)

20. Deposition
The process by which transported materials are left in a new location
(dropping off sediment)

21. Factors causing Deposition

22. GRADED BEDDING (Vertical Sorting)

23. Horizontal Sorting (LARGEST to Smallest)

24. Soil Horizons mature soil has well developed layers C-horizon mostly incomplete in NYS d/t glaciers

25. Types of Soil
RESIDUAL- soil that obtains characteristics of parent bedrock below it
TRANSPORTED- soil that does not share characteristics of parent bedrock below it

26. Landscape Regions

27. Landscape regions in NYS

28. ARID LANDSCAPES DRY lack vegetation poorly developed soil layers
steep cliffs

29. Humid Landscapes WET climates lots of vegetation
well developed soil layers
smooth rounded hill tops

30. Drainage patterns (how water flows off the land)

31. GLACIERS Observe how glaciers erode bedrock surfaces.
High altitudes
high latitudes
occurs any place where more snow falls during the winter than melts during the summer

32. Glacial features U shaped valleys

33. Glacial Features Glacial Till (UNSORTED)

34. Glacial features finger lakes

35. Glacial Features kettle lakes

36. Glacial features Erratics (boulders left behind from a glacier)
moraine (sediments carried and deposited by glaciers
eskers (winding ridges of glacial material deposited in streams

37. Glacial Movement
Striations (scratches) on bedrock indicate direction of movement
Drumlins (hills shaped like the back of a spoon)

38. Dynamic Equilibrium