1. Unit 4 : Weathering, Erosion and Landscapes

2. Earth Science Picture of the Day

3. At the end of this unit You will be able to
Describe the differences in settling rates due to density, shape and size Describe the factors that increase weathering Interpret graphs and diagrams relating to erosion Describe and label, old age, mature and youthful streams Label erosion and deposition in a river channel Relate velocity to slope and discharge of a stream Define: erosion, deposition, weathering Create a profile Read and interpret topographic maps

4. Laboratory Activities for this unit:
Landscape Regions of NYS Slope, Rise over run (gutter) Weathering (top secret) Weathering rocks (shake, shake) Sediment deposition

5. Turn to the table of contents and copy this down
Unit 4 Surface Processes p Vocabulary p 50 Types of weathering p 51 Weathering rates p 52 Weathering Agents p 53 Settling rates
p 54 Water velocity p 55 Stream evolution p 56 Landscapes

6. Now… turn to page 46 and number up to page 56
Turn to page 47… you will be writing 22 vocabulary terms. You have pages (47-49) to write them on… I gave you extra room in case you need it.

7. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Abrasion: To rub, grind or wear away at rock surfaces and sediment
Chemical Weathering: process by which chemicals break rocks down and make new materials 
Erosion: carrying away of sediment to a new location
Mass movement: mudslides, landslides, avalanche, due to gravity

8. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Physical weathering: breakdown of rock with no change in composition 
Sediment: particles that are formed by the erosion of rocks and materials 
Stream abrasion: rounding, smoothing and size reduction because of rolling, sliding and bouncing along the bottom 
Tributary: a small stream or river that joins a larger stream or river 

9. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Watershed: an area that is drained by a stream
Weathering: chemical and physical changes of a rock or material at or near the surface 
Deposition: sediment is released dropped or settled out from an erosional system 
Drumlin: a long narrow streamlined oval mound of unsorted sediment formed by a glacier 

10. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Escarpment: a steep slope or cliff in layered rocks often formed when a rock is resistant to weathering and erosion
Landscape: features of the earth’s surface 
Mountain: an area of high elevation, with distorted rock structure 
Plain: an area of low elevation, with horizontal rock structure

11. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Plateau: an area of high elevation with undistorted horizontal rock structure 
Ridge: a long, narrow, high, steep sloped part of a landscape 
Stream drainage pattern: the shape of the stream course in an area as viewed from above 

12. Vocabulary page 47-49 in notebook
Uplifting forces: forces that cause the earth’s surface to be raised up
Sorted sediment: a deposit of sediment based on similar size, shape, or density
Unsorted sediment: a deposit of sediments that are mixed in size, shape and density

13. Weathering = a break down = a change
P 50 in notebook
I. weathering(definition): a physical and chemical process that changes how rocks and minerals look on the surface of the earth
Weathering = a break down = a change

14. Weathering
A. 2 types of weathering
1. Physical weathering broken down into smaller pieces, hammer, gravity
P 50 in notebook

15. a. Changed into something else, rust, dissolving etc…
Weathering
P 50 in notebook
2. Chemical weathering
a. Changed into something else, rust, dissolving etc…

16. Weathering
P 50 in notebook
B. Weathering rates (Foldable) How do I make weathering happened faster? (a faster rate of time?) 1. Softer rocks= faster 2. Size, smaller = faster 3. Longer the exposure= more weathering

17. C. Weathering agents / cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
Sorted the sediments
wind – sand particles blast at the surface
a. Pitted or frosted appearance

18. C. Weathering agents / cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
Sorted the sediments 2. water – abrasion from rolling and hitting other particles a. Rounded and smooth

19. C. Weathering agents/ cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
The 2 “W’s” sort by size

20. The movement of soil, rocks, minerals from 1 location to another.
D. Erosion
P 51 in notebook
The movement of soil, rocks, minerals from 1 location to another.

21. C. Weathering agents/ cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
Unsorted sediments
glaciers- gouge out the sediment below it.
a. “U” shaped valleys, striations or scratches on the bedrock
Visualizations and features

22. C. Weathering agents/ cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
Unsorted sediments
gravity- makes the objects fall
a. jagged edges - angular
Visualizations and features

23. C. Weathering agents/ cause erosion
P 51 in notebook
The 2 “G’s” do not sort

24. E. Settling rates (foldable)
P 52 in notebook
What will make a particle fall to the bottom faster than another? 1. Density a. more dense = settles faster 2. Shape a. rounder it is the faster it settles Analogy: Cannon ball vs Belly flop

25. E. Settling rates (foldable)
P 54 in notebook
What will make a particle fall to the bottom faster than another?
3. Size
a. larger it is the faster it settles or falls to the bottom
Analogy: Big kid vs. Little kid on a water slide ride (see page 31 of notebook)

26. F. Water velocity
P 54 in notebook
1. What a stream or river can transport is based on the size, density and velocity of the water. (page 6, ESRT)chart a. stream traveling at 700 Cm/ sec can carry _______________

27. Page 6, ESRT Above the line Cannot carry Below the Line, CAN carry
Return to slide

28. Side View Top View F. Water velocity Friction with sides or banks
P 55 in notebook
2. Straight stream (foldable)
Friction with sides
or banks
Friction with air and bottom
Side View
Top View

29. F. Water velocity
P 55 in notebook
2. Straight stream (foldable) a. fastest flow in the middle of the channel b. fastest flow right below the surface of the water

30. F. Water velocity P 56 in notebook
Fastest flow on the outside of the bend erosion
Slow on the inside Deposition material gets deposited

31. F. Water velocity b. inside of bend: slow flow, deposition
P 56 in notebook
a. Outside of bend: fastest flow, erosion
b. inside of bend: slow flow, deposition
Analogy: Go carts, Running the mile with a friend
meandering stream #2
Oxbow lake

32. G. Stream Evolution
P 57 in notebook
1. Youthful streams a. straight- no meanders b. Cuts down-Lots of erosion c. “V” shaped valleys d. Fast flow

33. G. Stream Evolution 2. Mature Streams a. a few meanders or bends
P 57 in notebook
2. Mature Streams a. a few meanders or bends

34. G. Stream Evolution
P 57 in notebook
3. Old age streams a. lots of meanders or bends b. Oxbow lakes

35. H. Landscapes
1. Mountains a.high elevation- or high relief b.usually made of deformed rocks, such as metamorphic, or igneous
P 57 in notebook

36. H. Landscapes
2. Plains a. low elevation- little to no relief b. flat, typically sedimentary c. usually surrounding bodies of water
P 57 in notebook

37. H. Landscapes 3. Plateau: flat topped mountains a. sedimentary rock
P 57 in notebook