1. Topic 14 Regents Earth Science
Landscapes
Topic 14
Regents Earth Science

2. Uplifting or Leveling Forces
Originate below or in lithosphere and raise land, build mountains, cause continental growth
Energy comes from radioactive decay and heat left over from Earth’s formation
Examples: volcanic action earthquakes plate movement

3. Leveling or Destructive Forces
Operate at/near earth’s surface and break down rocks, transport material from higher to lower elevations, and level off/lower the land
Sources of energy: gravity the sun
Examples: weathering deposition erosion subsidence

4. Time and Landscape Stages

5. Youth Uplfting forces dominant High elevations Steep slopes
Rugged surfaces

6. Mature Leveling forces dominant Lower elevations
Less rugged/more rounded surfaces
Steepness decreases

7. Old
Smooth
Flat
Low elevations

8. In which order should the diagrams be placed to show the most likely sequence of river and landscape development.

9. Effects of Climate on Landscape Development

10. Arid Landscapes Steep slopes Sharp, angular features Thin, sandy soils
Little/no vegetation
Streams are intermittent (temporary)
Internal drainage
Alluvial fans

11. Humid Landscapes Smooth, rounded slopes Thick soil Abundant vegetation
Permanent streams
Streams flow to ocean

12. Glaciers and Landscapes
Steep slopes/little soil
Wide, u-shaped valleys
Soils contain unsorted particles
Many lakes
Disrupted stream patterns

13. Effect of Bedrock on Landscapes
Controls shape and steepness of slopes
Controls stream drainage patterns
Most resistant form cliffs, plateau tops, escarpments, tops of waterfalls
RESISTANT rocks stick out/they do NOT weather or erode
NONRESISTANT rocks are easily/quickly weathered and eroded

14. Resistant Strata Which layer is the most resistant? How can you tell?
Which layer is the least resistant?

15. Stream Drainage Patterns

16. Radial and Dendritic Patterns

17. Annular Stream Pattern

18. Trellis Stream Pattern