TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER Cancun, 27 November 2010 Birama DIARRA (Mali)

PLAN What is Technology Transfer in the UNFCCC context? What is needed to make it happen? Overview of EGTT Proposal for new UNFCCC Technology Mechanism (TM) Mandate and Composition of two component of TM Challenges Ahead (COP16)

Why is the transfer of technology important for climate change? The IPCC 4 th Assessment Report found: “There is high agreement and much evidence that all stabilization levels assessed can be achieved by deployment of a portfolio of technologies that are either currently available or expected to be commercialized in coming decades, assuming appropriate and effective incentives are in place for their development, acquisition, deployment and diffusion and addressing related barriers.”

What is technology transfer? IPCC 2001 Special Report on Technology Transfer defines it as: “… a broad set of processes covering the flows of know-how, experience and equipment for mitigating and adapting to climate change …...”  It includes the process of learning to understand, utilize and replicate the technology, including the capacity to choose it and adapt it to local conditions and integrate it with indigenous technologies.  And encompasses north-north, south-south and north- south flows.

UNFCCC & Technology The development and transfer of technologies to developing countries is a commitment under Article 4.1 (c) and 4.5 of the Convention In 2001 the UNFCCC adopted a framework for action on technology transfer based on 5 core elements: – Technology needs and needs assessments – Technology information – Enabling environments – Capacity building – Mechanisms for technology transfer Actions are intended to be primarily Party driven although there are a range of facilitative initiatives to support developing countries

UNFCCC Expert Group on Technology Transfer Membership: 19 nominated national experts plus four resource persons from relevant international organisations. Objective: To enhance the implementation of the Convention provisions relevant to advancing the development, deployment, adoption, diffusion and transfer of environmentally sound technologies to developing countries. Operating since 2001 with a rolling work program structured around the UNFCCC framework for action on technology. A report on the first 5 year programme of work is at Two major reports in 2009: – “Recommendations on future financing options for enhancing the development, deployment, diffusion and transfer of technologies under the Convention” – “Strategy paper for the long-term perspective beyond 2012, including sectoral approaches, to facilitate the development, deployment, diffusion and transfer of technologies under the Convention”

What are the technology needs required to address climate change? We don’t really know with any great confidence………… However, the EGTT estimated additional technology costs for mitigation could be between $262-$670 billion per year by 2030 and between $33-$163 billion for adaptation. In contrast the current spend on mitigation technologies is estimated at around $77 - $164 billion per year and around $1 billion for adaptation. Sustainable solutions will require a massive scale up of effort to deliver a diverse portfolio of technologies, the bulk of which will be delivered by the private sector. But there is also a key role for the public sector, particularly in relation to meeting adaptation needs

Making it happen Mobilising this effort will require appropriately targeted strategies and mechanisms to address various aspects of the technology cycle. Providing the right incentives and conditions to drive additional public and private sector investment is crucial. This largely has to happen at the national level, supported by enhanced international action. There is some good news - there are many existing and emerging technology related initiatives such as:  IEA – Low Carbon Energy Technology Platform, Implementing Agreements  Major Economies Forum & Clean Energy Ministerial  Korean Global Green Growth Institute  Specific technology cooperation initiatives eg CSLF, Methane 2 Markets, GCCSI  UNFCCC negotiations & proposed new technology transfer mechanism

Proposed UNFCCC Technology Mechanism Technology development and transfer to be supported through two new initiatives under a Technology Mechanism: – Technology Executive Committee (TEC) – Climate Technology Centre and Network (CTCN) In addition, financial support for technology action that supports mitigation and adaptation outcomes in developing countries has been proposed under a new fund

Technology Mechanism Cont’d The TEC to provide high level strategic advice and analysis to the UNFCCC, including assessment of global needs and trends, recommendations for action to promote technology outcomes. On request the Climate Technology Centre would provide developing countries with in-country support, including: – advice on technology needs, information and training to strengthen capacity – develop and customise analytical tools, policies and best practices for country-driven planning The Network to (inter alia): – Enhance cooperation between national, regional and international centres and institutions and facilitate partnerships between public and private stakeholders. – Provide in-country assistance and stimulate twinning centre arrangements in developed and developing countries

COP/ Subsidiary Bodies Technology Executive Committee Climate Technology Centre UNFCCC Fund Developing Country Research Community Private Sector International Expert Bodies e.g. IEA, World Bank Climate Network Strategic advice & analysis Analytical, policy development and capacity building support Other funding sources eg carbon markets Financial support Reporting & guidance

Mandate and composition of the TEC Chapter IV, Paragraph 8 1- Mandate (TEC) Responsible for the implementation of the Technology Mechanism under of the COP. Functions Provide a global overview of technological needs and analysis of policy and technical issues; Provide a global overview of technological needs and analysis of policy and technical issues; Promote action and cooperative technology development and transfer to accelerate action on mitigation and adaptation; Promote action and cooperative technology development and transfer to accelerate action on mitigation and adaptation; Prepare guidance, programme priorities and eligibility criteria related to technology development and transfer, with special consideration given to least developed Parties; Prepare guidance, programme priorities and eligibility criteria related to technology development and transfer, with special consideration given to least developed Parties; Provide periodic reports on the progress of its work; Provide periodic reports on the progress of its work; Recommend and support necessary actions to address and remove the barriers to technology development and transfer;

– Catalyse the development and use of technology road maps or action plans at international, regional and national levels. 2- Composition (TEC) a)X members form each of the five regional groups of the United Nation; b)X members form Parties not included in Annex I to the Convention; c)X members form Parties included in Annex I to the Convention; d)X members form the small island developing States; e)X members form the least developed country Parties; f)X members form the private sector; g)X members form the research community.

Mandate and composition CTCN Chapter IV, Paragraph Mandate (CTCN) Mandate is defined by the functions contained in paragraph 11. Relationship between the CTC and the TEC: Approach 1: Two parallel entities; cooperation but no hierarchy; Approach 1: Two parallel entities; cooperation but no hierarchy; Approach 2: CTC under the authority and guidance of the TEC. Approach 2: CTC under the authority and guidance of the TEC. 2- Composition (CTCN) Climate Technology Centre; Climate Technology Centre; [X] Regional Centres that act as the regional branches of the Climate Technology Centre; [X] Regional Centres that act as the regional branches of the Climate Technology Centre; Networks of national, regional, sectoral and international technology centres, networks, organizations, initiatives. Networks of national, regional, sectoral and international technology centres, networks, organizations, initiatives. 

LDCs PROPOSAL Para 65 bis: Provide adequate and sufficient funding to support technology transfer. Para 5. (Chapter IV): Establish TM and his component (TEC, CTCN) under the COP. – Building of enabling environment for development and transfer of technology (adaptation and mitigation) including technical and institutional capacities. – Technology need assessments activities for to identify the existing and new technologies. – Preparation and implementation of good quality and bankable projects and national programme for DTT based on TNAs, NAPASs and Nat.coms and provisions to enable access to finance, including through market. Para 8 (Chapitre IV): Taking into account article 4 paragraph 3 and paragraph 9 for to emphasize on Least Developing Countries.

Challenges Ahead Agreeing on the modalities for the two new bodies under the Technology Mechanism Ensuring the right structures and incentives exist that allow us to tap into the enormous potential of external agencies, business and civil society Promoting coherence and cooperation across an increasingly crowded international and national technology archite cture

Contact Details 1-Birama DIARRA, Chief or research and development department (Mali) 2- Bruce Wilson General Manager Energy and Environment Branch Department of Resources, Energy and Tourism GPO Box 1564, Canberra ACT 2601 Australia website:

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