BELL WORK: Copy and complete the sentence below: I think biotechnology means. Now turn in your bell work sheet!!

Set up the next two pages in your journal: Page: 41 Date: Title: Cancer Essential Question: How is cancer related to the cell cycle? Glue yesterday’s video notes (Amoeba Sisters) face-up on this page!! Page: 42 Date: Title: Biotechnology Essential Question: How is biotechnology used to study organisms? Glue today’s handout to this page!!

A genome is an organism’s complete set of genes (DNA).  Techniques like DNA fingerprinting and karyotyping are often used to study the genomes of different organisms.

DNA Fingerprinting

A DNA fingerprint is an image of an organism’s DNA sequence. DNA fingerprints are obtained through a process called gel electrophoresis. This process cuts the DNA strand into pieces and separates them by size. DNA fingerprints can be used to determine whether two organisms are related. They can also be used in criminal investigations – scientists compare DNA samples left at crime scenes to samples from suspects to see if they match.

Karyotyping

Nondisjunction occurs when chromosomes do not separate properly during meiosis. non = not dis = apart junction = connection The chromosomal abnormalities caused by nondisjunction can be seen in a karyotype. Karyotypes are pictures of an organism’s chromosomes, set up in numbered pairs.

Trisomy is the most common chromosomal abnormality in humans. Trisomy means a person has three copies of a particular chromosome. The disorder is named for which chromosome is tripled (ex. Trisomy 21, Trisomy 13, Trisomy 18). Trisomy 21, or Down’s Syndrome, is the most common form. The severity of a genetic disorder depends on which chromosome is affected. For example, babies with Trisomy 13 or 18 usually die before age 1, but those with Down’s Syndrome have an almost normal lifespan.

For the rest of today…  You will work with your partner to complete the activity.  Write BOTH your names on the paper – you will only turn in ONE!!  DO NOT START CUTTING UNTIL ALL CHROMOSOMES ARE NUMBERED.  #23 = SEX CHROMOSOMES (X X or X Y)  Anything you don’t finish today will be left in the room and completed tomorrow. You may NOT take this home!  Use your time wisely…the karyotypes are due at the end of class tomorrow – no exceptions!