1. Mutations Practice Quiz

2. What is a mutation?

3. A mutation can be several things:
Answer
A mutation can be several things:
A change in individual basses in a DNA strand.
Additions – Frame Shift
Deletions – Frame Shift
Substitutions - three types
Missense
Nonsense
Silent
Can have large scale changes in a chromosome.
Additions
Deletions
Substitutions/Crossing over/etc.

4. Frame shift mutations are very detrimental, whY?

5. Answer
Every codon and amino acid is off throughout the rest of the protein.

6. Which substitution mutation is the worst. Which doesn’t matter at all
Which substitution mutation is the worst? Which doesn’t matter at all? Which is minimally detrimental?

7. Answer
Nonsense – This creates a stop codon causing the protein to stop being created, this is the worst.
Missense – This is minimally detrimental, this is when an incorrect amino acid is added.
Silent – this mutation doesn’t effect the protein at all, this is when a mutation occurs but the amino acid doesn’t change.

8. What would a chromosome look like with a large scale addition?

9. Answer
It would be longer than normal on the karyotype

10. What would a substitution look like on a chromososme?

11. Answer
The banding pattern would be abnormal, meaning it would be out of order and wouldn’t match the other sister chromatid.

12. What would a large scale deletion look like on a chromosome?

13. Answer
It would be shorter/a section would be missing.

14. What is a Karyotype?

15. It is a picture of your DNA, Where the sister chromatids are lined up.
Answer
It is a picture of your DNA, Where the sister chromatids are lined up.
Look at the karyotype to the right.
Male or Female?
Female (XX)
What disorder is shown in the karyotype?
Patau’s syndrome or Trisomy 13

16. What is nondisjunction?

17. Answer
This is when chromosomes don’t split up normally in meiosis. This causes a egg or sperm cell to have an extra chromosome or be short a chromosome.

18. What disorder is a trisomy of chromosome 21?

19. Answer
Down’s Syndrome

20. Can you have nondisjunction in the Sex chromosomes (pair 23)?

21. Answer
Yes, Turner’s Syndrome and Kleinfelter’s syndrome are both caused by issues with the X and Y chromosome.

22. If an egg cell has two of chromosome 19, and it meets up with a sperm cell. How many total chromosomes will the resulting zygote have?

23. Answer 47

24. If an egg cell has one of chromosome 12, and it meets up with a sperm cell. How many total chromosomes will the resulting zygote have?

25. Answer 45

26. If you had to lose one chromosome, which one would you lose and why?

27. Answer
21/22 – they are the smallest chromosome, therefore they have the fewest genes.