Development of Western Philosophy of Education Your topic today is… 1

Traditional Western Philosophy Of Education ESSENTIALISM & PERENNIALISM 2

Traditional western philosophy of education  Essentialism is a back to basics, teacher centered philosophy. Essentialism 3

Traditional western philosophy of education  The core of the curriculum is essential knowledge and skills and academic rigor. Essentialism 4

Traditional western philosophy of education  Schooling should be practical, preparing students to become valuable members of society Essentialism 5

Traditional western philosophy of education  Essentialists believe that there is a common core of knowledge that needs to be transmitted to students in a systematic, disciplined way. Essentialism 6

Traditional western philosophy of education  The emphasis in this conservative perspective is on intellectual and moral standards that schools should teach. Essentialism 7

Traditional western philosophy of education  It should focus on facts-the objective reality out there-- and "the basics," training students to read, write, speak, and compute clearly and logically. Essentialism 8

Traditional western philosophy of education  Essentialism is a traditional back to basics philosophy that focuses on a core curriculum of some set subjects similar to Reading, Writing, Literature, Foreign Languages, History, Math, Science, Art, and Music. Essentialism 9

Traditional western philosophy of education  The teacher leads the class and transfers her knowledge and skills of a subject directly to her students. Essentialism 10

Traditional western philosophy of education  The teacher expects respect and commands authority in the classroom Essentialism 11

Traditional western philosophy of education  Essentialists aim to instill students with the "essentials" of academic knowledge, patriotism, and character development. Essentialism 12

Traditional western philosophy of education  This traditional approach is meant to train the mind, promote reasoning, and ensure a common culture. Essentialism 13

Traditional western philosophy of education  For Perennialists, the aim of education is to ensure that students acquire understandings about the great ideas of Western civilization. Perennialism 14

Traditional western philosophy of education  The focus is to teach ideas that are everlasting, to seek enduring truths which are constant, not changing, as the natural and human worlds at their most essential level, do not change. Perennialism 15

Traditional western philosophy of education  Therefore, one should teach principles, not facts.  Since people are human, one should teach first about humans, not machines or techniques. Perennialism 16

Traditional western philosophy of education  Since people are people first, and workers second if at all, one should teach liberal topics first, not vocational topics. Perennialism 17

Traditional western philosophy of education  Humans are rational beings, and their minds need to be developed. Perennialism 18

Traditional western philosophy of education  Thus, cultivation of the intellect is the highest priority in a worthwhile education. Perennialism 19

Traditional western philosophy of education  The demanding curriculum focuses on attaining cultural literacy, stressing students' growth in enduring disciplines. Perennialism 20

Traditional western philosophy of education  A particular strategy with modern perennialists is to teach scientific reasoning, not facts. Perennialism 21

Traditional western philosophy of education Essentialism 1. Focuses on essential skills. 2. Curricula thus tend to be much more vocational and fact- based. 3. Less liberal and principle-based. 4. Teacher-centered. Perennialism 1. Focuses on personal development. 2. Teacher-centered. 22

Tutorial : Applying Educational Philosophies Look for resources from various sources, compare and contrast between branches in Western Philosophy of Education. 23

Tutorial : Applying Educational Philosophies Philosophy (Proponents/ dates) Aim of Education Key PointsTeaching Strategies Teacher Role Perennialism Essentialism Islamic Confuciusm 24

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