each substance has its own density and can be identified by it

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Presentation transcript:

each substance has its own density and can be identified by it Characteristic Physical Property each substance has its own density and can be identified by it

Densities of Some Substances In this picture: What is the most dense substance? What is the least dense? What 2 substances have really close densities?

What is Density? a measure of how closely packed the particles are in a substance the amount of matter a substance has in a certain space (how much mass is contained per unit of volume of a substance) A substance with a low density feels “light” and will float in a substance with a higher density. A substance with a high density feels “heavy” and will sink in a substance with a lower density.

Density as and Equation Density (D) = Mass (m) Volume (V) D = m V m D V

Solving Equations Use GUESS method: G-given (state what you are given in the question) U-unknown (state what you are trying to find) E-Equation (write the equation and sub numbers in) S-Solve (calculate your answer) S-Statement (write out your answer in a full sentence) Must use this method for full marks!!!!

Calculate the density of a material that has a mass of 52 Calculate the density of a material that has a mass of 52.547 g and a volume of 13.5 cm3. D= m V = 52.547 g 13.5 cm3 = 39.047 g/cm3 D = ? m = 52.547 g V = 13. 5 cm3 Therefore, the density of the material is 39.1 g/cm3.

The density of silver is 10. 49 g/cm3 The density of silver is 10.49 g/cm3. If a sample of pure silver has a volume of 12.993 cm3, what would be the mass? m = ? D = 10.49 g/cm3 V = 12.993 cm3 m= D x V = 10.49 g/cm3 x 12.993 cm3 = 136.296 g The mass of the sample would be 136.297 g m D V

Pure gold has a density of 19. 32 g/cm3 Pure gold has a density of 19.32 g/cm3. How large would a piece of gold be if it has a mass of 318.97g? V = m D = 318.97 g 19.32 g/cm3 = 16.509 cm3 Therefore, the volume of gold would be 16.51 cm3. V = ? D = 19.32 g/cm3 m = 318.97 g m D V

Practice Problems Answer: 0.47 g/cm3 Answer: 19.23 cm3 Answer: 16.8 g 1) What is the density of a substance with a volume of 30 cm3 and a mass of 14 g? Answer: 0.47 g/cm3 2) What is the volume of a substance with a density of 0.78 g/cm3 and a mass of 15 g? Answer: 19.23 cm3 3) What is the mass of a substance with a density of 1.12 g/cm3 and a volume of 15 mL? Answer: 16.8 g

How can you measure Volume? 3 ways to measure Volume: 1) Use a ruler to measure (for regular shaped solids) and the equation V = l x w x h 2) Using a graduated cylinder (for liquids) 3) Displacement using a graduated cylinder (for irregular solids) using chart below: Trial Initial Volume (mL) Final Volume (mL) Volume of Unknown Unknown irregular shaped object 1 2 Average volume

How can you measure Mass? For solids: use an electronic balance For liquids: - use an electronic balance to mass a graduated cylinder with and without the liquid, then subtract

Lab Activity Determine the identity of Unknown Materials (2 liquids and 2 solids) - see lab sheet Good Luck!