Strategic Highway Research Program 2 – Safety Component (SHRP2 Safety) 2012 Update Forrest Council

Congressional-mandated (and AASHTO supported) research Four areas, –Renewal (get in, get out, stay out) –Reliability (of travel times) –Capacity (increasing with systems approach) –Safety (driver behavior) Overall SHRP2

SHRP2 Safety Overall goal: Make a significant improvement in highway safety by greatly increasing our knowledge of driver behavior –How the driver interacts with and adapts to the roadway, traffic environment, traffic controls, weather, etc. –Differences in crash risk associated with these interactions –Proposed countermeasures based on the findings

SHRP2 Safety (cont.) Proposed safety research program originally had two “tracks” –Naturalistic Driving Study Instrument 2K private vehicles and observe and record driver behavior, roadway, surrounding traffic, environment, etc. Collect roadway inventory data for sample of roads driven and merge with instrumented vehicle data –Site-based Risk Study (Feasibility Study) Instrument series of locations (e.g., intersections, curves) and observe and record vehicle interactions under different roadway, traffic, and traffic control/warning conditions Feasibility study completed – no more effort

Naturalistic Driving Use new technology to continually record –Driver behavior –Vehicle behavior –Roadway environment –Weather –Surrounding traffic 1,950 data collection system used for two years -- 3,700 vehicle years Six locations across nation Supplemented by Roadway Inventory Data –12,500 centerline miles of data collection –Collection at each of six sites Emphasis on ROR and Intersection crashes

NDS Data Being Collected Pre-driving –Vision and Visual-cognitive –Cognitive and psychomotor (e.g., memory, reaction time) –Physical (e.g., upper and lower body strength/flexibility) –Health-related (e.g., sleep quality, medical conditions) –Psychological (e.g., risk-taking behavior, attention deficit) –Driver knowledge and driver history While driving –Multiple cameras/video –Accelerometer data –GPS –Forward radar –Passive alcohol sensor –Turn signals –Vehicle network data (accelerator, brake, ABS, airbag deployment, seat belt use, etc.) –Cell phone use records (begin/end, no content)

Data Collection Sites

Current Status – Naturalistic Driving Study Data Collection –To be completed by November, 2013 –2,000 vehicles now in field, 1/3 of total data –450,000+ trip files in database; 2.5M+ miles of driving Analysis contracts: working with initial data sets –Four contractors in phase I proof of concept effort Road departure on rural 2-lane curves Offset left-turn bays Driver inattention Rear-end crashes on congested freeways

Roadway Inventory Data (RID) Spatial-based inventory data on sample of roads in each site to link with vehicle position data –Sample determined in part by NDS vehicle use Two sources of RID data –Collect spatial data from existing mapping and inventory sources in each site –Collect additional data on-site with mobile data collection Fugro-Roadware vehicle 12,500 centerline miles (both directions)

RID Mobile Data Items Horizontal Curvature: Radius, Length, PC, PT, Direction –Had to change required specification Grade Cross Slope/Superelevation Lane in terms of the number, width, and type ( turn, passing, acceleration, car pool, etc…) Shoulder type/curb; paved width if exists Intersection location, number of approaches, and control (uncontrolled, all-way stop, two-way stop, yield, signalized, roundabout). Ramp termini are considered intersections Posted speed limit sign and location Median presence (Y/N), type (depressed, raised, flush, barrier) Rumble Strip presence (Y/N), location (centerline, edgeline, shoulder) Lighting presence( Y/N)

RID Supplemental Data Supplemental data on things affecting safety and operations –Historic crash data –AADT –Short duration traffic counts –Seat belt laws –Winter road conditions –Weather –Work zones –Safety treatments (maybe!) –etc.

RID Current Status Existing RID being collected from DOTs Initial mobile data collection –Completed by end of 2012 for FL, NC, NY –Completed early in 2013 for WA, IN –Completed end of 2013 for PA Additional 6,300 miles to be distributed among sites and collected in 2013 Supplemental data collection just initiated. Completed in 2013.

Implementation Plans for Safety Preparing for wider data use –Decisions on and preparation of user- friendly files (no personal identifiers) –Possible web-based tutorial, training Planning for implementation and long- term stewardship –Volpe Center study to identify long-term stewardship/ownership options for NDS and RID.

2012 – 2014 Implementation for Other SHRP2 Areas Other three SHRP2 areas –Renewal (get in, get out, stay out) –Reliability (of travel times) –Capacity (increasing with systems approach) Funding for implementation came from continuing resolutions (and some MAP-21) FHWA and AASHTO developed a joint 3-year implementation plan (Approximately $81M)

2012 Starts Project Management Tools $0.5M –R09 Managing Risk in Rapid Renewal Contracts –R10 Managing Complex Projects R04 Bridge Designs for Rapid Renewal (2011) $4.0M R26 Preservation on High Volume Roadways (2011) $3.0M L12 Training for Traffic Incident Responders (2011) $4.5M Organizing for Reliability $6.5M –L31 CEO Workshop on Operations (2011) –L17 Knowledge Transfer System (2011) –L06 Organizing Agencies for Systems Operations and Mgt. –L01 Business Processes for Reliability C06 Integrating Ecosystem & Highway Planning $1.5M $20.0M 15

2013 Starts – Estimated TCAPP $6 – 7M –C01 TCAPP –C02 Performance Measures –C19 Expedited Project Delivery R07 Performance Specs for Rapid Renewal $0.2 –.05M R15B Integrating Utility/Transportation (2011) $2 – 3M R16 Railroad Agreements (2011)$1 – 2M R23 Long-Life Pavements (2011)$1 – 2M R06 Web Tool for Non-destructive Testing$1 – 2M Estimated costs ~ $14M 16

2014 Starts - Estimated Economic Impact Tools $1 – 2M –C03 Economic Impact Case Studies –C11 Economic Impact Analysis Tools C10 Travel Demand and Network Models $3 – 4M C15 Freight Planning Guide $1 – 2M Reliability Analysis Tools $3 – 4M –L02 Monitoring Programs for Reliability –L05 Planning/Programming for Reliability –L08 Reliability in the Highway Capacity Manual L36 Regional Operations Forum $0.5 – 1M R19A Bridges Beyond 100 Years $1 – 2M Pavement Technologies –R05 Modular Pavement Solutions –R21 Composite Pavement Systems TBD Estimated costs ~ $11M 17

Additional Implementation Funding Additional funding for continued implementation of SHRP2 projects in FY 2013 and FY 2014 recently approved by AASHTO vote –4 percent of each state's State Planning and Research (SP&R) funding –Two-thirds of funding for product demonstration –Remaining one-third for educational outreach, communications, IT support, evaluating the demonstrations, and administration of the program. So the future planning will now have to be modified. 18