CHAPTER 1: EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION 1300-1600.

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Presentation transcript:

CHAPTER 1: EUROPEAN RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION

 REBIRTH OF ART AND LEARNING OF CLASSICAL GREECE   STARTED IN THE CITY-STATES OF NORTHERN ITALY -URBAN POPULATION -WEALTHY MERCHANT CLASS -ACCESS TO CLASSICAL HERITAGE

 HUMANISM  SECULAR OUTLOOK ON LIFE  PATRON OF THE ARTS

 PERSPECTIVE  REALISM  OIL PAINTING

 VERNACULAR  CLASSICAL STYLE  INCREASE IN LITERACY

 INDIVIDUALISM  HUMANISM  SECULAR

 SUCCESS OF THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE  END OF THE HUNDRED YEARS WAR  DEVELOPMENT OF MERCHANT CLASS IN NORTHERN EUROPE  MONARCHS SUPPORTING THE ARTS  HUMAN INTEREST IN SOCIAL REFORM BASED ON JUDEO-CHRISTIAN VALUES  INVASION OF ITALY BY FRANCE

 ART AND LITERATURE ARE INFLUENCED BY CLASSICAL STANDARDS  REALISM OF INDIVIDUALS AND NATURE  SECULAR AND RELIGIOUS VIEWS  EMPHASIS ON INDIVIDUAL ACHIEVEMENT  DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRINTING PRESS

 16 th CENTURY MOVEMENT FOR RELIGIOUS REFORM LEADING TO CHURCHES THAT REJECTED THE AUTHORITY OF THE POPE

 POLITICAL -> “SPIRITUAL vs. TEMPORAL RULE  SOCIAL -> INVENTION OF THE PRINTING PRESS  ECONOMIC -> TAX PAYMENTS

 JOHANN TETZEL -> SALE OF INDULGENCES  MARTIN LUTHER -> 95 THESIS -> “JUSTIFICATION BY FAITH”

 EDICT OF WORMS  FORMATION OF THE LUTHERANS  PEASANT REVOLT  PEACE OF AUGSBURG

 HENRY VIII ◦ REFORMATION PARLIAMENT REMOVED THE AUTHORITY OF THE POPE IN ENGLAND ◦ ACT OF SUPREMACY MADE THE KING THE HEAD OF THE CHURCH OF ENGLAND

 JOHN CALVIN ◦ THEOCRACY -> GOVERNMENT CONTROLLED BY CHURCH ◦ DOCTRINE OF PREDESTINATION -> GOD KNOWS IN ADVANCE WHO WILL BE SAVED

 JOHN KNOX ◦ OVERTHROW OF MARY STUART AND ESTABLISHMENT OF THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH

 BOURBON (PROTESTANT) vs.GUISE (CATHOLIC) ◦ ST. BARTHOLOMEW’S DAY MASSACRE

 16 th CENTURY MOVEMENT IN WHICH THE CATHOLIC CHURCH SOUGHT TO REFORM ITSELF IN RESPONSE TO THE PROTESTANT REFORMATION

 IGNATIUS OF LOYOLA - >FOUNDER OF THE SOCIETY OF JESUS (JESUITS) ◦ PROMOTE EDUCATION ◦ CONVERT NON CHRISTIANS TO CATHOLICS ◦ STOP THE SPREAD OF PROTESTANTISM

 POPE PAUL III ◦ USED THE INQUISITION TO COMBAT HERESY ◦ CALLED THE COUNCIL OF TRENT

 POPE PAUL IV ◦ INDEX OF FORBIDDEN BOOKS ◦ CARRIED OUT THE DECREES OF THE COUNCIL OF TRENT

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