© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-1 Appendix A Information Systems Hardware Information Systems Today Leonard Jessup and Joseph Valacich

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-2 Appendix A Objectives Understand key elements of information systems hardware Understand key elements of information systems hardware Understand types of computers used in organizations today Understand types of computers used in organizations today

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-3 Key Elements of IS Hardware Input Devices Input Devices Processing Devices Processing Devices Output Devices Output Devices

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© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-5 Input Devices Entering text and numbers Entering text and numbers Pointing and selecting information Pointing and selecting information Entering batch data Entering batch data Entering audio and video Entering audio and video

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-6 Input Devices Entering text and numbers Entering text and numbers  Keyboard  Regular  Cordless (radio frequency waves)  Ergonomics  Repetitive stress injuries

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-7 Input Devices Pointing and Selecting Information Pointing and Selecting Information  Examples  Touch screen  Light pen  Mouse  Touchpad

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-8 Input Devices Entering Batch Data Entering Batch Data  Batch input  Scanners  Text recognition software

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-9 Input Devices Types of Scanning Types of Scanning  Optical Mark Recognition (OMR)  Optical Character Recognition (OCR)  Bar Code Readers  Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR)

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-10 Input Devices Smart Cards Smart Cards  A credit card with:  magnetic strip  microprocessor chip  memory circuits

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-11 Input Devices Entering Audio and Video Entering Audio and Video  Video recording  Voice input  Speech recognition  MIDI  Musical Instrument Digital Interface  Video input  Digital cameras  Streaming video  Streaming media

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-12 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Binary code Binary code  Machine language  Bit – binary digit  Byte – 8 bits or one typed character

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-13 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Elements of computer storage Elements of computer storage Measurement Approximate number of characters Byte1 Kilobyte 1 thousand Megabyte 1 million Gigabyte 1 billion Terabyte 1 trillion

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-14 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Binary codes Binary codes  ASCII  American Standard Code for Information Interchange  EBCDIC  Extended Binary-Coded Decimal Interchange Code  Unicode

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-15 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs System Unit System Unit  Motherboard  Central Processing Unit (CPU)  RAM and ROM  Drives: hard, diskette, CD-ROM or DVD-ROM  Ports

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-16 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Motherboard Motherboard  Contains components that do the processing  Power supply

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-17 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Central Processing Unit (CPU) Central Processing Unit (CPU)  Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)  Performs mathematics  Control Unit  Fetch instructions  Decode instructions  Retrieve data  Store results  Moore’s Law

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-18 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Primary Storage (volatile) Primary Storage (volatile) Random-Access Memory (RAM) Random-Access Memory (RAM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Read-Only Memory (ROM) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-19 Processing: Transforming Inputs into Outputs Secondary Storage (nonvolatile) Secondary Storage (nonvolatile)  Hard drives  Diskette drives  Zip drives  Optical disks  CD-ROM  DVD-ROM  Tapes

© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-20 Output Devices Output Output  Video Output (CRT and LCD)  Printers and Plotters  Audio Output

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© 2003 Prentice Hall, Inc.A-25 Types of Computers Supercomputers Supercomputers Mainframes Mainframes Midrange computers Midrange computers Workstations Workstations Microcomputers (personal computers) Microcomputers (personal computers)  Network computers  Portable computers  Notebook computers  Handheld computers

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