By: Otajia & Kira A new Industrial revolution

Vocab Factor- condition or quality that causes something else to happen Alter- to change; or to make difference Patent- a document giving someone the sole right to make and sell the invention Thomas Edison-created the electric lightbulb Alexander Graham Bell- invented the telephone Henry Ford- american manufacturer Assembly Line- a manufacturing method in which a product is put together as it moves along a belt Wilbur and Orville Wright- created a flying machine, airplane.

Background Knowledge ● In the early 1800 the Industrial Revolution changed the way Americans lived and worked. ● In this section, you will learn how a new Industrial Revolution changed life after the Civil war.

why Industry Boomed ● Conditions were ripe for an industrial growth, as the nation expanded westward. ● Coal, lead, and copper were now obtainable. ● In the Pacific Northwest, towering forests furnished lumber for buildings. ● The industrial growth was favored by the Government policy. ● Congress gave generous land grants and other subsidies to railroad and other businesses. ● On imports the government kept high tariffs. ● Tariffs helped American industry by making foreign goods more expensive.

Steel and Oil Technology was another factor that spurred industrial growth. The Bessemer process is a method,developed in the 1850s, to make stronger steel at a low cost. Steel quickly replaced iron. Pittsburgh became the nation’s steel-making capital. Coal mines and good transportation nearby Pittsburgh helped steel mines thrive. Across the midwest, other steel mines sprang up. In Titusville, Pennsylvania, in 1859, workers discovered oil. The oil industry devised methods to refine crude oil into lubricants for machines and, later, into gasoline. Oil was known as “Black Gold”.

A Railroad Boom Industrial growth was fueled by railroads. trains carried people and goods to the west and raw materials to the factories in the east. Adding sleeping cars, dining cars, and laying down more track improved the service of companies. Railroads sought out a way to limit the competition and keep prices high, as more lines were built. Some big lines combined together. They bought up smaller lines or forced them out of business. For example, the Pennsylvania Railroad consolidated 73 smaller companies. Secret rebates also were given the company’s best customer. Rival rail lines made agreements to fix rates at a high level. Such practices helped giant railroads control grain traffic in the West and South. High rates, however, angered farmers who relied on railroads to transport goods. Many farmers joined the Granger and Populist movements.

Inventors and Inventions Late 1800s, astonishing flood of new inventions government issued more patents than in the 10 years before the Civil war The United States became known as the land of inventions

Edison’s Invention Factory 1876, Thomas Edison set up a research laboratory in Menlo Park, New Jersey At the “Invention factory” Edison and other scientist produced the light bulb, the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and hundreds of others useful devices. 1882, Edison opened the nation’s first electrical power plant in New York City. Power plants sprang up all over the country. This began the modern age of electricity.

A Communications Resolution Telegraph- in use since 1844, helped people stay in touch Took weeks for news from Europe to arrive 1866, Cyrus Field had a underwater cable across the Atlantic Ocean to speed up the process Telegraph- codes of dots and dashes Alexander Graham Bell 1867, the first telephone message. By 1855 more than 300,000 phones had been sold. most of them, to businesses. Bell organized more than 100 local companies into the giant American Telephone and Telegraph Company

Devices for the Home and Office 1868, Christopher Sholes invented the “Type- Writer” 1888, George Eastman invented a Light weight camera James Matzeliger invented a machine that sewed the tops to the soles. Granville Woods devised a way to send telegraph messages between moving trains.

A Transportation Revolution late 1800s, European engineers developed the automobile Henry Ford made automobiles available to millions in 1913, Ford introduced the assembly line sliced the time to produce cars in half 1917, more than 4.5 million Americans owned cars 1903, Wright brothers tested a gas powered plane at Kitty Hawk, North Carolina On the first flight, the plane stayed in the air for 12s and flew 120ft Military use didn’t become clear until World War I ( ) 1920s, people began to see that the airplane could make trade easier and make traveling faster

The End