Ms. Longo Earth Science Weather & Water

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Do Now BrainPop Weather quiz Based on last week’s video Please follow all class rules or you will be marked for detention on Tuesday afterschool

Agenda BP Weather quiz Vocabulary Big Ideas

Vocabulary Cardinal and Gold teams: Please copy the following vocabulary into your notebook. Gold team: if you are still not using your permanent notebook, be sure to write this on paper that can later be transferred and attached into your permanent notebook.

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Air- the mixture of gases surrounding Earth A tmosphere- the layer of gases surrounding Earth. Its layers include the troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere, and exosphere.

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Compress- to push particles closer together Exosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the thermosphere. The exosphere makes the transition from the atmosphere to space.

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Expand- to get bigger; to take up more space Mass- the amount of matter in something Matter- anything that has mass and takes up space

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Mesosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the stratosphere Particle- an atom or a molecule; what everything is made of

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Permanent gas- a gas in the atmosphere in which the amount of gas stays constant. Oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) are permanent gases. Pressure- a force that acts on compressed air

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: State- a kind or form of matter. The three common states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. Stratosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the troposphere. The ozone layer is in the stratosphere.

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Thermosphere- the layer of the atmosphere above the mesosphere Troposphere- the layer of the atmosphere that begins at Earth’s surface and extends upward for an average of 15 kilometers (km). Weather happens in the troposphere.

Vocabulary Copy these Air definitions: Variable gas- an atmospheric gas whose amount changes based on the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and ozone (O3) are variable gases. Weight- the measurable pull or force between Earth and the matter in an object or substance

Big Ideas Team Cardinals: please add these to the Big Ideas section of your NB. Team Gold: Remember, if you are still not using your permanent notebook, be sure to write this on paper that can later be transferred and attached into your permanent notebook.

Big Ideas Air is matter; it occupies space, has mass, and can be compressed. The atmosphere is the layer of gasses surrounding Earth. Weather happens in the troposphere, the layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth’s surface.

Big Ideas The troposphere is a mixture of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and other gasses (1%), including argon, carbon dioxide, and water vapor.

10/14

Do Now Get out notebooks Prepare to answer what information is available on the weather report

Agenda Weather data Weather review Atmosphere review video demonstration

Video Reviewing the Structure of the Atmosphere

Weather Review Weather: short term air temperature, air pressure, humidity, and wind. Also observable characteristics such as clouds, precipitation, and visibility. Climate : long term patterns and average weather

Permanent and Variable gasses Atmospheric gasses are often categorized as being permanent or variable, depending on whether their concentration is stable. Permanent gasses are those that form a constant (steady) proportion of the atmospheric mass. Permanent gasses remain steady up to the thermosphere. Variable gasses are those whose distribution in the atmosphere varies (changes). Variable gasses are only found in the troposphere.

Permanent and Variable gasses The most abundant variable gas is water vapor Most atmospheric water vapor is found in the lowest part of the troposphere (5 km/3mi). Other variable gasses are carbon dioxide methane and ozone

Permanent and Variable gasses Carbon dioxide increases in the atmosphere may have important effects on the climate of the planet that can greatly affect human societies. The mining and burning of fossil fuels, deforestation as well as increased cattle production cause increases of CO 2 in the atmosphere.

10/15

Do Now Think about why planes fly at high altitudes

Do Now There is less friction between the plane and the air particles at higher altitudes. The air particles at higher altitudes are farther apart, so the air is thinner or less dense, which causes less friction with the plane. Planes can fly faster, and use less fuel.

Agenda Air Mass Demonstration Atmosphere review Density Layers

Air Mass Demonstration Notice the weight of the bottle before and after air is pumped into it.

Air Experiment Results Pumping air into the bottle forces more air in, so the air in the bottle is compressed. Compression pushes the particles closer together. There is more air (more air particles) in the volume inside the bottle now than there was before we pumped air into the bottle.

Results continued A bottle of compressed air weighs more than a bottle of uncompressed air because it has more particles in the bottle. More weight = more mass. Therefore air has mass, so air is matter.

Atmospheric Density Density is the amount of mass of a substance in a unit of volume. The atmosphere is less dense at higher altitudes There is a higher density of air particles at lower altitudes because air can be compressed, and is more compressed at lower altitudes (elevations).

10/16

Agenda NB set up Vocabulary Big Ideas

Do Now Copy the Vocabulary Every object and substance in the world is made of matter. The 3 states of matter are solid, liquid, and gas. The amount of matter in an object is its mass. Mass is the measurement of the amount of matter in an object or a substance such as air. Mass is measured in grams.

Vocabulary One way to confirm that something has mass is to weigh it. Weight is pull or force between Earth and the matter in an object or substance. Weight depends on gravity, so weight can vary slightly at different places on Earth and can vary greatly on different planets. In outer space, away from planets, objects become weightless, but their mass does not change.

Atmospheric layers The atmosphere is divided into layers by differences in temperature.

Atmospheric layers Troposphere: closest, weather Stratosphere: ozone layer absorbs UV radiation Mesosphere: meteors Thermosphere: hot, aurora borealis Exosphere: last

Notebook Setup Cardinals: Please show Gold team members your Table of Contents and Index pages Make changes to yours if necessary Golds: set up your Table of Contents, Index & Big Ideas pages. Complete them at home or during NB maintenance time (do now). Paste in previous notes.

Big Ideas Please add this to your Big Ideas page: When a volume of air is compressed, particles are closer together, and the air becomes more dense