“Finders’ Keepers” The Age of Exploration AndColonization

What were they looking for? ► Columbus wanted a western passage to Asia ► Nations sought riches of Gold  Conquistadors ► Hernando Cortes ► Nations wanted to spread Christianity – GOD ► Nations wished for a strong empire – GLORY

This Caused? ► This Caused many Native Americans to die from Conflict, such as Cortes conquering the Aztecs and their city Tenochtitlan (present- day Mexico City) ► With the Spanish establishing a New Spain, European diseases followed, such as smallpox and measles.

Characteristics of Early Exploration and Settlements in The New World

England’s First Attempt to Colonize ► Roanoke (present-day North Carolina) ► The colony was set-up by Sir Walter Raleigh in ► Raleigh and the ships left the settlement and returned to England for supplies. ► He returned 2 years later but the people disappeared. ► Roanoke is called the “Lost Colony” ► Jamestown was the First PERMANENT English Settlement.

England’s Second Attempt to Colonize: Jamestown ► Queen Elizabeth gave up on colonizing the New World, but in 1607, King James was ready to try again. But he wasn’t willing to use his own money to set up the settlement. Instead, a Joint Stock Company was set up to raise the money from investors.

Jamestown Settlement ► The company was called the Virginia Stock Company of London, and in 1607 it sent three ships to the New World. ► The three ships were the Godspeed, Susan Constant, and the Discovery ► They landed in the New World and called their settlement Jamestown ► Jamestown was totally a business venture; it was set up to make profit for the investors of the company ► - their was no Gold to be found and the settlers had a hard time farming in the new climate ► - just like Roanoke, it seemed as if Jamestown was going to fail, and be given up on

► John Smith took control of the settlement and provided the leadership to survive these hard times ► The local Indians provided food for the Jamestown settlers, and showed them how to farm in the area ► Eventually, a man named John Rolfe brought a new tobacco to Jamestown that grew very well ► From the tobacco profit, Jamestown was able to make a profit and maintain itself ► Thus Jamestown became the first Permanent settlement of England (Roanoke is the first) ► John Rolfe eventually married Pocahontas and took her back to England where she died of Smallpox ► Jamestown established the House of Burgesses; first elected assembly used in the New World

The Third Attempt: New England ► With Jamestown’s success, other groups in England wanted to attempt to set up settlements in the New World. One such group were the Puritans. ► Puritans were people in England who were NOT happy with the English Church; because they wanted to make changes in the English church others didn’t like them and they were persecuted. ► The Puritans decided that if they could start a new settlement in the New World, then they could practice religion the way that they wanted, without being persecuted by others.

New England ► The King of England gave them permission to try, and in 1620, they landed at Plymouth in the New World ► Just as in Jamestown, at first the Puritans had a hard time, but with help from the Indians they survived ► - The Puritans sailed across the ocean on the Mayflower, and when they landed at Plymouth (present-day Massachusetts)

New England ► They formed a “Covenant Community” based on the principles of the Mayflower Compact and religious beliefs. ► Mayflower Compact: the agreement to rule based on democracy, this was the first written plan for governing in the NEW WORLD. ► They practiced direct democracy through town meetings.

Cavaliers ► Cavaliers - early Virginia settlers (English Nobility) who had been given land grants in the New World by the King.

Effect on the First Americans: ► The explorations and settlements of the English in the American Colonies and the Spanish in the Caribbean, Central America and South America, often led to violent conflicts with the American Indians (First Americans). ► The Indians lost their traditional territories and fell victim to diseases carried from Europe. ► By contrast, French exploration of Canada did not lead to large-scale immigration from France, and relations with native peoples were often more cooperative.

► Exploration and Colonization initiated worldwide trade of agricultural products were exchanged between the Americas and Europe. ► In time, colonization led to ideas of representative government and religions toleration that over several centuries would inspire similar transformations in other parts of the world.