Objective: Today we will evaluate the impact of women & African Americans entering the workforce in large numbers during WWI. Agenda: Do Now Notes Activity

The Role of Women and African Americans in WWI

Two major domestic movements during the war 1. African-American migration from South to North 2. Suffrage Movement by Women

Opportunities for African-Americans in WW1 e “Great Migration.” 1916 – 1919  500,000 e War industries work. e Enlistment in segregated units.

WW I: The Great Migration Demographics…Great Migration of African Americans from South to the Northern US (Race Riots ) The Great Migration The war opened thousands of industrial jobs to African American laborers 500,000 migrated north increased presence and demands for change  Dozens of African Americans were killed during a 1917 riot in East St. Louis, Illinois

African American Great Migration

African Americans and WWI African American leaders saw the war as an opportunity for advancement World War I did not bring significant gains Navy barred African Americans, army segregated Also riots and lynching increased in the South

Chicago Race Riot, 1919 Because of industrial jobs available in WWI, the African-American population in Chicago increased from 44,000 to 109,000, for a total of 148 percent during The postwar period found tensions rising in numerous cities where populations were increasing rapidly The Chicago Race Riot of 1919 was a major racial conflict that began in Chicago, Illinois on July 27, 1919 and ended on August 3. During the riot, dozens died and hundreds were injured. It is considered the worst of the approximately 25 riots during the Red Summer of 1919, so named because of the violence and fatalities across the nation

Women’s Service in WWI Held Home Front jobs RR Workers, cooks, bricklayers, dock workers, coal miners, clerks, teachers, and helped to sell liberty bonds Warfront Jobs of Women Red Cross Nurses Radio operators Ambulance drivers

YWCA – The Blue Triangle

Munitions Work

Women Used In Recruitment

The Red Cross - Greatest Mother in the World

A Women’s Suffrage Protest Led by Alice Paul --- Wilson supports it because of women war effort

WW I: Suffrage-The Women’s Movement… National American Women Suffrage Association (NAWSA) Carrie Chapman Catt National Women’s Party – Alice Paul

Women’s Suffrage America’s entry into the war threatened to tear apart the suffrage movement Jeannette Rankin opposed war first woman member of congress women in general supported the war The National Woman’s Party was militantly fighting for suffrage Alice Paul compared Wilson to the Kaiser denying democracy, chained herself to white house fence, force fed in prison

Women’s Suffrage The combined efforts of women during the war won them suffrage –Wilson finally gave in January 1918 Wilson withdrew his opposition to female suffrage amendment Took until Aug 1920 to have the amendment ratified 72 years after goal of women’s suffrage declared at Seneca Falls in 1848

Although Women Gained the Vote, They Could Only Choose Among Male Candidates

How did the war affect the U.S.? Women Women filled factory jobs Women’s war effort helped bring about passage of the 19th Amendment after the war giving women the right to vote. African American soldiers still served in segregated units. African Americans In the “Great Migration” thousands of African Americans moved to the North to work in factories.

Compare & Contrast Compare women’s roles in the civil war with women’s roles in WWI.