Examination techniques in ophthalmology E. Vlková et al.

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Presentation transcript:

Examination techniques in ophthalmology E. Vlková et al.

Basic examination techniques Visual acuity (natural, best corrected) Measurement of intraocular pressure Slit lamp examination Fundus examination

Visual acuity Visual acuity (natural, best corrected) Distance vision Near vision Charts Snellen Landolt ring Pictures ETDRS Jaeger Jaeger

Charts

Near vision Jaeger chart

Visual acuity Counting finger (metres ) Hand movement Light perception

Visual Acuity 5/50 (metres, feet 20/200) 0,1 Minimum separabile – minimum angle of resolution

Refractive error is an optical abnormality in which the shape of the eye fails to bring light into sharp focus on the retina, resulting in blurred or distorted vision. Refractive error In optometry, a "refraction" procedure is the measurement of refractive error Autorefractor Refraction

Visual acuity Frame Lenses

Tonometry Contact techniques Schiötz tonometry Goldmann applanation tonometry Non contact techniques Jet air (air puff)

Schiötz tonometry 7/7,5 Topical anestesia

Schiötz tonometry

Goldmann tonometry The normal range is mmHg The normal range is mmHg Topical anestesia, fluorescein Force required to flatten the cornae

Goldmann tonometry

Non contact tonometry

Examination of anterior segment Aspection

Slit lamp biomicroscopy table mounted microscope with a special adjustable illumination source attached

Slit lamp biomicroscopy duhovka duhovka

Slit lamp biomicroscopy,

Fuchs endotelial dystrophy

Synechiae posterior

Sunconjunctival haemorrhage

Corneal abrasion

Hyphema

Hypopyon

Examination of fundus Ophthalmoscopy - direct - indirect Slit lamp biomicrocsopy (high power convex lens, the image is vertically inverted and laterally reversed)

Ocular fundus

Special examination techniques

Gonioscopy Gonio lens ( mirrors) Angle structures Fundus examination

ERG (electroretinography) diagnosis of functional defects of retina Record of an action potential produced by the retina when it is stimulated by light VEP (visual evoked potential) -diagnosis of functional defects of visual pathways Record of electrical activity of the visual cortex created by stimulation of the retina Electrophysical tests

Ultrasound

Non transparent optical media UBM- high frequency ultrasound – imaging of anterior segment

A scan ( biometry) B scan

Ultrasound

Color vision – HUE test

Hertl exoftalmometry

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