1. Light and Optics 4.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light. 4.2
CHAPTER
NEW CHAPTER
Light and Optics
the BIG idea
CHAPTER OUTLINE
Optical tools depend on the wave behavior of light.
4.1
Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
4.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
4.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.

2. 4.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
• Mirrors work by regular reflection and obey the law of reflection.
optics
image
diffuse reflection
regular reflection
normal
angle of incidence
angle of reflection
60°
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
SECTION
OUTLINE

3. 4.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
• Mirrors work by regular reflection and obey the law of reflection.
optics
• Flat mirrors form virtual images.
image
• Curved mirrors form both real and virtual images.
diffuse reflection
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
SECTION
OUTLINE

4. 4.1 optics Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
diffuse reflection
1. The study of visible light and of the interaction of light with the eye to produce vision.
regular reflection
law of reflection
2. The application of knowledge about visible light to develop optical tools.
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

5. 4.1 image Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
image
image
diffuse reflection
A picture of an object formed by rays of light.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

6. 4.1 diffuse reflection Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
diffuse reflection
image
diffuse reflection
The reflection of parallel light rays in many different directions.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

7. 4.1 regular reflection Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
regular reflection
image
diffuse reflection
The reflection of parallel light rays in the same direction.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

8. 4.1 law of reflection Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
law of reflection
image
diffuse reflection
A law of physics stating that the angle at which light strikes a surface (the angle of incidence) equals the angle at which it reflects (the angle of reflection).
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

9. 4.1 concave Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
concave
image
diffuse reflection
Curved inward toward the center, like the inside of a spoon.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

10. 4.1 focal point Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
focal point
image
diffuse reflection
The point at which parallel light rays reflected from a concave mirror come together; also the point at which parallel light rays refracted by a convex lens come together.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

11. 4.1 convex Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
convex
image
diffuse reflection
Curved outward, like the bottom of a spoon.
regular reflection
law of reflection
concave
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

12. Lenses form images by refracting light.
4.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
focal length
focal point
focal length
SECTION
OUTLINE

13. Lenses form images by refracting light.
4.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
SECTION
OUTLINE

14. Lenses form images by refracting light.
4.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
• Lenses have curved surfaces that refract parallel light waves in different amounts.
lens
• Convex lenses bend light inward toward a focal point.
focal length
• Concave lenses spread light out.
• Lenses form both real and virtual images.
principal axis
Convex Lens
focal point
Concave Lens
SECTION
OUTLINE

15. 4.2 lens Lenses form images by refracting light.
focal length
A transparent optical tool that refracts light.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

16. 4.2 focal length Lenses form images by refracting light.
The distance from the center of a convex lens to its focal point.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

17. The eye is a natural optical tool.
4.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
• The eyes of humans and many animals use lenses to focus images on the retina.
cornea
• The retina detects images and sends information
about them to the brain.
pupil
retina
The light passes through the iris and the pupil. 2
Light from an object is refracted by the cornea. 1
The lens refracts the light more. 3
optic nerve
iris
An image is focused on the retina. 4
SECTION
OUTLINE

18. 4.3 cornea The eye is a natural optical tool.
pupil
A transparent membrane that covers the eye.
retina
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

19. 4.3 pupil The eye is a natural optical tool.
cornea
pupil
pupil
The circular opening that controls how much light enters the eye.
retina
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

20. 4.3 retina The eye is a natural optical tool.
cornea
retina
pupil
A light-sensitive membrane at the back of the inside of the eye.
retina
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

21. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
SECTION
OUTLINE

22. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
SECTION
OUTLINE

23. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
cameras
SECTION
OUTLINE

24. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
• Many optical tools are made by combining mirrors and lenses.
laser
• Examples of optical tools include:
fiber optics
telescopes
microscopes
cameras
lasers
• Lasers have a wide variety of uses.
SECTION
OUTLINE

25. 4.4 laser Optical technology makes use of light waves.
fiber optics
A device that produces an intense, concentrated beam of light that is brighter than sunlight; often used in medicine and communications.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

26. 4.4 fiber optics Optical technology makes use of light waves.
laser
fiber optics
fiber optics
Technology based on the use of laser light to send signals through transparent wires called optical fibers; often used in communications.
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

27. 4.1 Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
I. Mirrors form images by reflecting light.
optics
A. Optics is the science of light and vision.
image
B. Mirrors use regular reflection.
diffuse reflection
C. Shape determines how mirrors form images.
regular reflection
law of reflection
1. Flat Mirrors
concave
2. Concave and Convex Mirrors
focal point
convex
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

28. Lenses form images by refracting light.
4.2
Lenses form images by refracting light.
II. Lenses form images by refracting light.
lens
A. A medium can refract light.
focal length
1. Refraction of Light
2. Refraction and Rainbows
B. Shape determines how lenses form images.
1. Convex and Concave Lenses
2. Images Formed by Lenses
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

29. The eye is a natural optical tool.
4.3
The eye is a natural optical tool.
III. The eye is a natural optical tool.
cornea
A. The eye gathers and focuses light.
pupil
1. How Light Travels Through the Human Eye
retina
2. How the Eye Forms Images
B. Corrective lenses can improve vision.
1. Corrective Lenses
2. Surgery and Contact Lenses
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY

30. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
4.4
Optical technology makes use of light waves.
III. Optical technology makes use of light waves.
laser
A. Mirrors and lenses can be combined to make more powerful optical tools.
fiber optics
1. Microscopes
2. Telescopes
3. Cameras
B. Lasers use light in new ways.
1. Making Laser Light
2. Visual Uses of Lasers
3. Fiber Optics
KEY CONCEPT
SUMMARY
4. Future Uses of Lasers