HOUSING STYLES 6.01

Agenda 10/3/11 EQ: Distinguish different Housing Styles in American History Warm-up Look at the Venn Diagram on your table and complete it Lecture on Housing Styles

Native American Homes The WIGWAM is made by the eastern woodland Indians who carried reed mats which were wrapped around wooden frames to create a domelike structure. The TEPEE is one of the most familiar styles that the plains people lived in. It was made of buffalo hides.

Native American Homes The tribes of the North East lived in homes called LONGHOUSES. These homes reached lengths of 100 feet. The Tribes of the Southwest lived in homes called PUEBLOS. These homes were made of clay that was made into sun dried bricks called ADOBE. Later on Spanish immigrants brought the Adobe bricks and cut stones to the US to use a building materials.

English Settlements Many of the English’s first permanent dwellings were called HALF-TIMBERED homes. The roof was constructed of thatches (Bundles of straw or reeds). Some of the half-timbered houses we covered in either shingles (thin oblonged pieces of wood. Clapboards were boards that laid in over lapping rows that protected the exterior walls .

English Settlements Cont.. Cape Cod Style Home A simple rectangular design, a central chimney and a Pitched roof (often called a Gable Roof) because it forms triangular end walls known as gables. Sometimes Cape Cod homes were built with Gambrel Roofs.

English Settlements Cont… The Saltbox House began as a two story, pitched roof house. The extension built to lengthen the house is called an Ell. A Garrison House can be recognized by a second story that over hangs or projects from the first story. This over hang was first used on forts to prevent attackers from scaling the walls

German and Dutch Settlements The Dutch and Germans came up for the idea of DORMERS. A dormer is a structure that projects through a steeply sloping roof.

Homes of the 18th Century Georgian style homes were named after king George of England, had a central chimney or one on each end, were 2-3 stories and symmetrical, very formal, the front door was greatly emphasized by pilasters, and pediment.

Homes of the 18th Century Cont.. Georgian style homes had many distinguishing features. Hip Roof Style, pilasters (decorative flattened columns), Pediment (A triangular arched decoration that sits on top of the door) Cornice (A decorative strip of molding at the area where the roof and the walls meet).

Pilaster (pi LAS ter)

The Federal Period Adam Style Named after two furniture design brothers. Rectangular design with one or more stories. Some have a center section with a wing on both sides. Gable roofs . A decorative cornice that often extends across the front and back of the house. Symmetrically placed windows A FANLIGHT-a semicircular, round, or oval window with fan shaped panes of glass often above the door or in the pediment.

Federal Period Cont… EARLY CLASSIC REVIVAL STYLE Thomas Jefferson helped developed this style. Very similar to the Adam’s style. The one feature that distinguishes EARLY CLASSIC REVIVAL Style is the PORTICO- tall open porch supported by columns over the front entrance.

GREEK REVIVAL STYLE The Greek Revival Style flourished from about 1825-1860 ending around the time of the Civil War. Its features were linked to the temples of ancient Greece. Many Southern Plantations homes were built in this style.

Porticos Tall, open porch, supported by columns over the front entrance

Turrets Small circular tower that extends the entire height of building. Originally used to store grain.

Victorian Style Period Mansard Style (Sometimes called the Second Empire Style) *Had French Influence *Was most popular between 1860-1880 *Most notable feature was the boxlike mansard roof-a roof that has two slopes on all sides, with the lower sloping being steep and the upper slope almost flat.

Victorian Period Cont… Queen Ann Style *Most fanciful of housing styles *Had wrap around porches with railings and columns *Had a variety of decorative word work and Gingerbread-lacy-looking cutout wood trim *Had a circular tower that extends the entire height of the building

Gingerbread examples

Beginning of the 20th Century Prairie Style Was designed by the famous architect named Frank Lloyd Wright. He believed that architecture should create a natural link between mankind and the environment. His most notable designs was the Prairie Style home that was characterized by horizontal lines (that reflected the prairie that they sat on), low pitched roof with overhanging, and wide porches.

Common Characteristics of Prairie Style Home Plans: Uniquely American style Made famous by Frank Lloyd Wright and Prairie School Low-pitched roof, usually hipped May be either symmetrical or asymmetrical Very wide overhanging eaves Two stories with one story porches or wings Eave and trim and siding details emphasize horizontal lines Often with massive square stone or wood porch supports Smaller windows grouped in geometric patterns

Prairie Style

Mid 20th Century Styles to Today RANCH Style( 1935) Long, low one story house that resembles that rambling one-story houses built by the early settlers of the West. This style of house offers economy in materials, ease of maintenance, and low heating cost.

Mid 20th Century Styles to Today Split-Level Has three levels of living space each connected by short flights of stairs. One main feature of this style of house is that the entry is separated from the rest of the house. A-frame The A-frame is a design in which the gabled roof continues to ground level on two sides.

Influences on Housing CLIMATE Earth Sheltered home Home that is 90% underground. These types of homes are characteristic of ALASKA

Influences on Housing CLIMATE Flat Roof Style This roof style is not appropriate for damp wet climates. You see this roof style in the desert region of the US.

Influences on Housing Tudor Style Home Building Materials (EXTERIOR) *Brick- Type of exterior building material that requires the least maintenance. *Stucco- A plaster material made with cement, sand, and lime. Used to build Tutor style Homes. *Vinyl/Siding- Used to cover, modular and tract homes, and custom built homes. Tudor Style Home

Resources Housing Decisions, pages 156-172 Housing and Interiors, pages 324-361 www.architecture.about.com www.oldhouse.com www.Wikipedia.org (List of Housing Styles) www.nativetech.org www.mountvernon.org www.monticello.org Copyright ©2007, ABCD, All rights reserved.