1. Chapter 1 Architectural History and Styles
Development of Architectural Forms
Bearing walls
Solid walls that provide support for each other and for the roof
Post and lintel construction
Horizontal beams(lintel) across two vertical posts

2. Arch Vault Dome Constructed of many lighter stones
Each stone is supported by leaning on the center stone
Keystone
Center stone that is wedged and locks the other stones in place
Vault
Series of arches
Dome
Made of many arches arranged so that their bases form a circle and the tops meet in the center

3. Gothic Arch Buttress A regular arch with a pointed top
Adds exterior support to a structure or wall

4. Influences on Early American Architecture
English style architecture
Used variations of common architectural features
High pitched roofs
Massive chimneys
Half timber siding
Small windows
French style architecture
Steeply pitched hip roofs
Long projecting windows
Curved lintels
Towers

5. Spanish and Italian Style similarities
Arches
Low pitched roofs made of ceramic tile
Stucco exterior walls
Open courtyard patio
Italian style differences
Columns and arches are generally part of the entrance
Windows and balconies open to a loggia
Open passage covered by a roof

6. Early American style architecture
All styles that developed in various regions of the colonies
New England Colonial
Greatly simplified the English styles due to equipment and availability of building material.
CAPE COD (1 ½ Story gable roof home)
Central front entrance
Central chimney
Exterior walls of bevel siding
Dormers
Symmetrical Design

7. Dutch Colonial Elizabethan English Tudor French Provincial
Has a gambrel roof
Elizabethan
Half timbered with mortar between, adopted from Tudor style
English Tudor
Norman towers and tall chimneys
French Provincial
Mansard roof
Southern Colonial
Two story columns
Victorian
Intricate finials, lintels,parapets,balconies,and cornices
Ranch
Rambling plan
Modern
Freedom of design and use of space

14. A. The nave.
B. Rib vaulting (Sort of like a groin vault, only creased with ridges see below.)
C. Pier (The main supports that hold up the nave vaulting.)
D. The Aisle
E. Clerestory windows (Small, upper story window that flank the aisles.)
F. Triforium (A small walkway usually reserved for nuns and women......in the "old" days.)

41. This is not a ranch home!!!!!

43. Modern house plans

44. HOME STYLES
HOME PLAN IDEAS