Rhetoric The study or art of using language persuasively and effectively.

Ethos Ethos: appeal to the audience through the speaker’s character or image… argues from his/her personal integrity and authority. Ethos: appeal to the audience through the speaker’s character or image… argues from his/her personal integrity and authority. Remember Ethos=ethics Remember Ethos=ethics

Applying Ethos A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed. A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed.

Applying Ethos Because, as you know, I love you and want the best for you, and I said so. Because, as you know, I love you and want the best for you, and I said so. The argument is based on the parent’s authority and trustworthiness The argument is based on the parent’s authority and trustworthiness

Logos Logos- Appeal to reason (logical sound reasoning) by using facts, evidence, and examples to prove Logos- Appeal to reason (logical sound reasoning) by using facts, evidence, and examples to prove Remember Logos=logic Remember Logos=logic

Applying Logos A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed. A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed.

Applying Logos Because you’re growing. You need your rest. You had a long day today. You want to be ready for Disneyland tomorrow. Because you’re growing. You need your rest. You had a long day today. You want to be ready for Disneyland tomorrow. Logical argument with good reasoning Logical argument with good reasoning Rest=good health and growth= good day at Disneyland

Pathos The appeal to emotions; it can appeal to pity, compassion, etc. The appeal to emotions; it can appeal to pity, compassion, etc. Remember Pathos=passion Remember Pathos=passion

Applying Pathos A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed. A child asks his parents why he has to go to bed.

Applying Pathos Because the boogey man and the monster that lives in your closet will get you and because Santa won’t bring you any toys. Because the boogey man and the monster that lives in your closet will get you and because Santa won’t bring you any toys. Playing on emotions of fear and worry Playing on emotions of fear and worry

Speaker must keep Purpose in mind: support a cause support a cause promote a change promote a change refute a theory refute a theory stimulate interest win agreement arouse sympathy provoke anger

Speaker must keep AUDIENCE in mind to be effective in their argument: Who exactly is the audience? Who exactly is the audience? What do they know? What do they know? What do they believe? What do they believe? What do they expect? What do they expect? How will my audience disagree with me? How will my audience disagree with me?

Writer must keep AUDIENCE in mind: What will they want me to address or answer? What will they want me to address or answer? Should I use language that is formal, factual, and objective; or familiar, anecdotal, and personal? Should I use language that is formal, factual, and objective; or familiar, anecdotal, and personal?

Ways to persuade:

Ways to persuade Hyperbole Hyperbole Irony Irony Rhetorical Question Rhetorical Question Parallelism Personification Repetition

Hyperbole An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. An extravagant statement or figure of speech not intended to be taken literally. Ex: The play lasted 100 years! Ex: The play lasted 100 years!

Verbal Irony A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant; usually a form a sarcasm A figure of speech in which what is said is the opposite of what is meant; usually a form a sarcasm Ex: The classroom was silent as teacher waited for an answer to her question. “You must understand the material, since you are all so eager to answer.” Ex: The classroom was silent as teacher waited for an answer to her question. “You must understand the material, since you are all so eager to answer.”

Rhetorical Question a question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply… because the reply is usually obvious a question asked solely to produce an effect or to make an assertion and not to elicit a reply… because the reply is usually obvious Ex: What were you thinking?! How could you have been so foolish?! Ex: What were you thinking?! How could you have been so foolish?!

Parallelism Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications. Purpose is to make the speech sound eloquent and make the audience remember; creates a rhythm in the speech Similarity of construction or meaning of clauses placed side by side, especially clauses expressing the same sentiment with slight modifications. Purpose is to make the speech sound eloquent and make the audience remember; creates a rhythm in the speech Ex: We mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor Ex: We mutually pledge to each other our Lives, our Fortunes and our sacred Honor

Repetition Repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. Repeating the same word, or the same sense in different words, for the purpose of making a deeper impression on the audience. Ex: She broke my vase, but she is my best friend. She stole my boyfriend, but she is my best friend. She wrecked my car, but she is my best friend. Ex: She broke my vase, but she is my best friend. She stole my boyfriend, but she is my best friend. She wrecked my car, but she is my best friend.