Entry Slip #1 Identify at least one expectation I have of you in this classroom. Identify at least one expectation I have of you in this classroom. Explain the importance of expectations Explain the importance of expectations Discussion as a class and review of expectations Discussion as a class and review of expectations

Warm up activity: Evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the Lions and Wild Cats. Highlight the teams in different colors! Hello, Sports fans!

Textbook Activity: Read pages and answer questions in complete sentences. Read pages and answer questions in complete sentences.

A long time ago, on a continent far, far away…

Introduction to the Persian Wars Read handout and take notes in your interactive notebook 28.1

The Persians The Persian Empire was the largest and most powerful empire of its day. Map of Persian Empire at the time of the Persian Wars ( B.C.)

About the Persian Empire The Persians started out as a small tribe in present-day Iran The Persians started out as a small tribe in present-day Iran They built a large empire by conquering their neighbors They built a large empire by conquering their neighbors Persian archers won many battles by unleashing a storm of arrows before their enemies were close enough to use their spears Persian archers won many battles by unleashing a storm of arrows before their enemies were close enough to use their spears At its height, it was one of the largest empires the world has ever known At its height, it was one of the largest empires the world has ever known It conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and parts of India and Europe It conquered Mesopotamia, Asia Minor, Syria, Egypt, and parts of India and Europe

About the Persian Empire and King Darius King Darius was one of the Persian Empire’s greatest kings King Darius was one of the Persian Empire’s greatest kings He divided the empire into 20 provinces He divided the empire into 20 provinces He established a tax collection system and appointed officials to rule local areas He established a tax collection system and appointed officials to rule local areas He allowed conquered areas to keep their own customs and religions He allowed conquered areas to keep their own customs and religions

Look at the picture of… Darius at a war council Pick out 8 details Pick out 8 details Draw a Line to each Draw a Line to each Label it Label it Write 3 guesses about what is happening in the picture Write 3 guesses about what is happening in the picture

Ionian Revolt The Ionian Revolt began in 499 B.C.E. and it marked the beginning of the Greek-Persian wars The Ionian Revolt began in 499 B.C.E. and it marked the beginning of the Greek-Persian wars In 546 B.C.E., the Persians had conquered the wealthy Greek settlement of Ionia In 546 B.C.E., the Persians had conquered the wealthy Greek settlement of Ionia The Persians took the Ionians’ farmland and harbors The Persians took the Ionians’ farmland and harbors They forced the Ionians to pay tributes (goods) They forced the Ionians to pay tributes (goods) The Ionians also had to serve in the Persian army The Ionians also had to serve in the Persian army

Ionian Revolt continued The Ionians knew they could not defeat the Persians by themselves, so they asked mainland city-states of Greece to help The Ionians knew they could not defeat the Persians by themselves, so they asked mainland city-states of Greece to help Athens sent soldiers and a small fleet of ships to help Athens sent soldiers and a small fleet of ships to help Unfortunately for the Ionians, the Athenians went home after have some success and the small Ionian army had to fight alone Unfortunately for the Ionians, the Athenians went home after have some success and the small Ionian army had to fight alone In 493 B.C.E., the Persians defeated the Ionians and punished them by destroying the city of Miletus In 493 B.C.E., the Persians defeated the Ionians and punished them by destroying the city of Miletus Many of the Ionians were sold into slavery Many of the Ionians were sold into slavery

Phalanx The Greek fighting forces were arranged in phalanxes, or tight rectangular blocks of men with long spears. Greek soldiers were known as “hoplites”. Greek phalanxes in battle.

Greek phalanx from the side showing men in the back.

Brainstorm: List 3 facts you just learned and 1 thing you are confused about List 3 facts you just learned and 1 thing you are confused about

Look at the picture of… The Battle of Marathon Pick out 8 details Pick out 8 details Draw a Line to each Draw a Line to each Label it Label it Write 3 guesses Write 3 guesses about what is about what is happening in the happening in the picture picture28.3

Battle of Marathon Persian army has 20,000 men. Athenians send out a force of 10,000 to meet them.

The Battle of Marathon How It Began After the Ionian Revolt, King Darius decided to conquer the city-states of mainland Greece After the Ionian Revolt, King Darius decided to conquer the city-states of mainland Greece He sent messengers to ask for presents of Greek earth and water He sent messengers to ask for presents of Greek earth and water The present were to be a sign that the city- states accepted Persian rule The present were to be a sign that the city- states accepted Persian rule The Greeks refused to pay the tributes of earth and water, and legend has it they threw the messengers in pits and wells saying, “If you want Greek earth and water, help yourselves!” The Greeks refused to pay the tributes of earth and water, and legend has it they threw the messengers in pits and wells saying, “If you want Greek earth and water, help yourselves!”

Battle of Marathon Darius was furious, so in 490 B.C.E. he sent a large army of foot soldiers and cavalry across the Aegean Sea by boat to Greece Darius was furious, so in 490 B.C.E. he sent a large army of foot soldiers and cavalry across the Aegean Sea by boat to Greece The army assembled on the plain of Marathon The army assembled on the plain of Marathon Greek commanders decided to fight the Persians at Marathon Greek commanders decided to fight the Persians at Marathon

Battle of Marathon Help from Sparta? The Athenians were so desperate for help during the battle they sent a runner to Sparta The Athenians were so desperate for help during the battle they sent a runner to Sparta He ran for 2 days and 2 nights He ran for 2 days and 2 nights When he arrived the Spartans were taking part in a religious festival When he arrived the Spartans were taking part in a religious festival They told him they could not leave Sparta until the next full moon They told him they could not leave Sparta until the next full moon

The Battle of Marathon How the Greeks Won The Athenians and their allies had to face the Persians alone The Athenians and their allies had to face the Persians alone The Greeks spread themselves out across a narrow valley and for days both sides hesitated to attack The Greeks spread themselves out across a narrow valley and for days both sides hesitated to attack Finally, the Greeks decided to attack Finally, the Greeks decided to attack The center part of the Greek line advanced and when the Persians came to the center to meet them, the left and right sides of the Greek army attacked The center part of the Greek line advanced and when the Persians came to the center to meet them, the left and right sides of the Greek army attacked Soon the Persians were running for their ships Soon the Persians were running for their ships

Then, the Spartans showed up just in time for the Battle of Thermopylae… 10 years later. Then, the Spartans showed up just in time for the Battle of Thermopylae… 10 years later. Sorry we’re late, what did we miss????

Exit Slip Use your knowledge of our last lesson topic when we compared two city-states- Athens and Sparta. Use your knowledge of our last lesson topic when we compared two city-states- Athens and Sparta. Do you think it was “mean” of Sparta to not support Athens right away in the Battle of Marathon? Do you think it was “mean” of Sparta to not support Athens right away in the Battle of Marathon? Write 3-4 COMPLETE sentences explaining your answer Write 3-4 COMPLETE sentences explaining your answer

Warm up Discussion What was the Battle of Marathon? What was the Battle of Marathon? Who was involved? Who was involved? When did the Spartans finally get involved? When did the Spartans finally get involved?

Turn to the picture of The Battle of Thermopylae Pick out 8 details Pick out 8 details Draw a Line to each Draw a Line to each Label it Label it Write 3 guesses Write 3 guesses about what is about what is happening in the happening in the picture picture

The Battle of Thermopylae Read handout and complete graphic Organizer/ guided notes

10 Years Later...Round Two Battle of Thermopylae Darius I had died, and his son Xerxes I was now King of Persia. Xerxes still wanted to add Greece to the giant Persian Empire. He sent troops over land to invade Greece in 480 B.C. This time, the Spartans were on the ball, and met the Persians in a narrow pass at Thermopylae. Xerxes I.

Battle of Thermopylae Xerxes led men by land and sea to attack Greece. His army totaled c. 250,000 men. They met 7,000 Greeks at Thermopylae. The Greeks held them off for three days. Route of Xerxes I to Thermopylae and beyond in 480 B.C.

Leonidas. Battle of Thermopylae The Greeks were led by the Spartan general Leonidas. The Persians sent their best soldiers, called “The Immortals”, but they were held off. Eventually a Greek traitor showed Xerxes a way around Thermopylae.

Battle of Thermopylae (Cont.) Leonidas realized his forces were surrounded. Leonidas realized his forces were surrounded. He ordered the other Greeks to retreat. He ordered the other Greeks to retreat. He and his Spartans sacrificed themselves. He and his Spartans sacrificed themselves. All 300 died !! All 300 died !!

Exit Slip: Think- Ink- Say: Think- Ink- Say: How were the Persians eventually able to defeat the Spartans? How were the Persians eventually able to defeat the Spartans? How were the Spartans able to hold off such a large Persian army? How were the Spartans able to hold off such a large Persian army?

Entry Slip Think- Pair- Share Think- Pair- Share Identify the key people in the Battle of Thermopylae. Identify the key people in the Battle of Thermopylae. How many men fought that battle? How many men fought that battle?

Look at the picture of… Battle of Salamis Pick out 8 details Pick out 8 details Draw a Line to each Draw a Line to each Label it Label it Write 3 guesses about what is happening Write 3 guesses about what is happening in the picture in the picture28.5

The Battle of Salamis Athens Burns When the news of the slaughter at Thermopylae reached Athens, the citizens panicked When the news of the slaughter at Thermopylae reached Athens, the citizens panicked They boarded ships and sailed to nearby islands They boarded ships and sailed to nearby islands The left in such a hurry they had to leave their pets behind and legend has it one loyal dog followed a ship the whole way to its destination where it died on the shore The left in such a hurry they had to leave their pets behind and legend has it one loyal dog followed a ship the whole way to its destination where it died on the shore Only a small army was left to defend Athens and within two weeks Athens was burned to the ground Only a small army was left to defend Athens and within two weeks Athens was burned to the ground

The Battle of Salamis The Navy to the Rescue An Athenian navy leader, Themistocles, thought he knew of a way to beat the Persians An Athenian navy leader, Themistocles, thought he knew of a way to beat the Persians He wanted to fight the Persians in the narrow channels between the islands and the mainland He wanted to fight the Persians in the narrow channels between the islands and the mainland The Persians would find it hard to maneuver their ships The Persians would find it hard to maneuver their ships

The Battle of Salamis Tricking the Persians For the Greeks plan to work, they had to get the Persian ships into the channel near a place called Salamis For the Greeks plan to work, they had to get the Persian ships into the channel near a place called Salamis Themistocles decided to set a trap so he sent a loyal slave to deliver a message to Xerxes Themistocles decided to set a trap so he sent a loyal slave to deliver a message to Xerxes The message said Themistocles wanted to change sides and join the Persians The message said Themistocles wanted to change sides and join the Persians The message said if the Persians attacked now, half of the Greek sailors would surrender The message said if the Persians attacked now, half of the Greek sailors would surrender

The Battle of Salamis Outcome Xerxes fell for the trick Xerxes fell for the trick As the Persians approached, the Greek ships seemed to retreat but this was just another trick to draw Persians further into the channel As the Persians approached, the Greek ships seemed to retreat but this was just another trick to draw Persians further into the channel Soon the Greeks had them surrounded Soon the Greeks had them surrounded The Greek ships had wooden rams in the front and they rammed the Persian boats, crushing their hulls and sending 300 ships to the bottom of the sea The Greek ships had wooden rams in the front and they rammed the Persian boats, crushing their hulls and sending 300 ships to the bottom of the sea The Greeks lost 40 ships but managed to defeat the Persian army The Greeks lost 40 ships but managed to defeat the Persian army

The Battle of Plataea Read the handout and complete section of reading guide… Answer the Question in your guided notes: How did the Greeks win the Battle of Platea?

Exit Slip: Pick 1 battle and write down 3 Key facts about that battle. Pick 1 battle and write down 3 Key facts about that battle.