Special Embryology ___ Development of organs and organ systems

Chapter 22 Development of the face and neck

额鼻突 frontonasal prominence 心突 heart bulge

heart prominence (bulge) frontonasal prominence heart prominence (bulge)

Development of the branchial apparatus Ⅰ. 鳃器的发生 Development of the branchial apparatus 鳃弓 Branchial arch 鳃沟 Branchial groove 咽囊 Pharyngeal pounch 鳃膜 pharyngeal membrane

Ⅱ.Derivatives of the pharyngeal pouches 1st:tympanic cavity pharyngotympanic tube tympanic membrane external auditory meatus auricle 2nd: palatine tonsil 3rd: thymus (ventral) inferior parathyroid (dorsal) 4th: superior parathyroid 5th: ultimobranchial body epi. crypt

Ⅲ. Development of the tongue lateral lingual swelling (distal tongue bud) tuberculum impar (median tongue bud) copula hypopharyngeal eminence terminal sulcus foramen cecum

bifid tongue

Ⅳ. Formation of the face, mouth and nose Frontonasal prominence 上颌突 Maxillary prominence 下颌突 Mandibular prominence 口凹 Stomodeum 鼻板 Nasal placode

鼻窝 Nasal pit 内侧鼻突 Medial nasal prominence 外侧鼻突 lateral nasal prominence primitive nasal cavity 鼻泪沟 Nasolacrimal groove

lower jaw lower lip lateral part of upper jaw and upper lip cheek apex of nose bridge of nose philtrum external nares oral fissure

鼻囊 Nasal sac Primitive nasal chamber 口鼻膜 Oronasal membrane 原始鼻后孔 Primitive choana

Congenital Malformation Cleft lip the maxillary process fail to fuse with the medial nasal process

b. Oblique Facial Cleft 面斜裂 the maxillary process fail to fuse with its corresponding lateral nasal process

Ⅴ. Development of the palate and separation of the nasal cavity 正中腭突 Median palatine process (primary palate) 外侧腭突 Lateral palatine process 切齿孔 Incisive foramen Hard palate Soft palate 腭垂 uvula Nasal septum 鼻甲 nasal conchae Ⅲ

Congenital Malformation cleft palate bilateral anterior cleft palate posterior cleft palate posterior cleft palate With left anterior cleft palate complete cleft palate

Ⅵ.Formation of the neck 心上嵴Epicardial ridge 颈窦 Cervical sinus 颈囊 Cervical cyst 颈瘘 Cervical fistula