REVIEW QUESTIONS Who became president after John Quincy Adams?  Andrew Jackson To what political party did Andrew Jackson belong?  Democratic To what political party did John Quincy Adams belong?  Federalist What political party was formed in the 1830s, in opposition to the Democrats?  Whig

REVIEW QUESTIONS What term describes the government’s plan to promote economic development by investing in roads, taxing imported manufactured goods, and creating a national bank?  American System What term describes a tax on imported goods?  Tariff What qualification for voting by white men was gradually abolished in the early 19 th century?  Property ownership

REVIEW QUESTIONS What term describes the path from Georgia to Oklahoma that Cherokee Indians were forced to follow in 1838 and 1839?  Trail of Tears What groups of European immigrants came to the US in increasing numbers in the early 19 th century?  Germans and Irish What term describes the idea that a state can ignore or refuse to implement an unconstitutional federal law?  Nullification

JACKSONIAN DEMOCRACY: FOUR TRENDS Sectional division – tension between slave and free states (we’ll get to this next week) Popular democracy – ordinary people are getting more involved in politics Debate over federal power – Democrats want limited government; Whigs want strong national government (but expect lots of complications) Increased power of the Presidency – Jackson himself will be increasingly important (and controversial)

EXPRESS VS. IMPLIED POWERS Article I, Section 8 of the Constitution lists express powers – “Congress can do these specific things” 10 th Amendment: “The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited to it by the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people.” Some sources of implied powers:  Preamble: “promote the general welfare”  “Necessary and proper” clause (Article I, Section 8)  Commerce Clause (Article I, Section 8)

MCCULLOCH V. MARYLAND (1819) The problem: Maryland put a tax on the Second Bank of the United States, designed to drive it out of business The question: Does the Constitution give Congress the authority to charter a bank? The Supreme Court holds:  Congress’ express power to tax and spend gives it the implied power to charter a bank  States cannot interfere with constitutional acts of the federal government Which trend does this reflect?

THE AMERICAN SYSTEM Plan for helping US industrialize and replace imports from Great Britain Supported by Democratic-Republicans – most importantly Henry Clay and James Madison Key components:  Higher tariffs on manufactured goods  National bank  Federal funding for roads and canals (this one didn’t happen) Which trend does this reflect?

JACKSON’S PRESIDENTIAL CAMPAIGN

JACKSON’S INAUGURATION

INDIAN REMOVAL Shift from assimilation to removal 1830: Indian Removal Act 1832: Worcester v. Georgia – Indian tribes are sovereign nations Which trend(s) does this reflect? Black Hawk’s War Trail of Tears – Second Seminole War –

THE BANK WARS The Bank of the United States  Private corporation, chartered by Congress  Aim: stabilize currency and reduce inflation  Charter would expire in 1836 Why might the Bank be controversial?  “We need it to strengthen the national economy”  “It’s unconstitutional” – express powers don’t include a bank  “It serves the rich, not the common people” Jackson vetoes renewing the bank’s charter Which trend does this reflect?