I Can Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative Disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Dissociative Disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Group of pathologies involving “fragmentation” of the personality

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 A psychologically induced loss of memory for personal information Dissociative Amnesia Dissociative fugue Depersonalization disorder Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative Disorders

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Dissociative amnesia with the addition of “flight” from one’s home, family, and job Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization disorder Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative Disorders

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Abnormality involving the sensation of mind and body having separated. The sense of having an ‘out of body’ experience Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization Disorder Dissociative identity disorder Dissociative Disorders

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Condition in which the individual displays multiple identities. (formerly called Multiple Personality Disorder) to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to confirm his or her behavior to the law. Dissociative amnesia Dissociative Fugue Depersonalization disorder Dissociative Identity Disorder Dissociative Disorders

Can I Distinguish the 4 major Dissociative Disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

I CAN Distinguish the 5 major types of schizophrenia Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Schizophrenia Psychotic disorder involving distortions in thoughts, perceptions, and/or emotions.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Major Types of Schizophrenia Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Residual Positive Negative

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Major Types of Schizophrenia Features incoherent speech, hallucinations, delusions, and bizarre behavior. For example… talking to imaginary people Residual Type

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Major Types of Schizophrenia Involves either stupor or extreme excitement. Two forms Catatonic Stupor: Patients may remain motionless for hours, even days, …. sometimes holding rigid, statue like poses. Catatonic Excitement: Patients become agitated, hyperactive Residual Type

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Major Types of Schizophrenia Prominent feature: combination of delusions and hallucinations. This becomes the basis of their real life!! Residual Type

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Major Types of Schizophrenia Persons displaying a combination of symptoms that do not clearly fit in one of the other categories Residual Type

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Disorganized Catatonic Paranoid Undifferentiated Major Types of Schizophrenia Individuals who have had a past episode of schizophrenia but are free of symptoms Residual Type

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Positive Schizophrenia Negative Schizophrenia Major Types of Schizophrenia Any form in which the person displays active symptoms (e.g. delusions, hallucinations)

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Positive Schizophrenia Negative Schizophrenia Major Types of Schizophrenia Any form distinguished by deficits, such as withdrawal and poverty of thought processes

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Possible Causes of Schizophrenia Evidence for the causes of schizophrenia has been found in a variety of factors including… A. genetics B. abnormal brain structure C. Biochemistry Fundamentally it is a brain disorder…no longer seen as a result of defective parenting or repressed childhood trauma

Possible Causes of Schizophrenia Diathesis-Stress Hypothesis The theory that says genetic factors place the individual at risk…and environmental stress factors transform this potential into an actual schizophrenic disorder Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

CAN I Distinguish the 5 major types of shcizophrenia Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

I CAN Distinguish the characteristics of the major types of personality disorders. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Personality Disorders Conditions involving a chronic, pervasive, inflexible, and maladaptive pattern of thinking, emotion, social relationships, or impulse control.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Narcissistic Personality Disorder An exaggerated sense of self- importance. Characterized by a grandiose sense of self- importance, a preoccupation with fantasies of success and power, and a need for constant attention

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Antisocial Personality Disorder Characterized by a long-standing pattern of irresponsible behavior indicating a lack of conscience and a diminished sense of responsibility to others.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 Borderline Personality Disorder An unstable personality given to impulsive behavior. Main signs: instability, impulsivity Unpredictable moods Stormy interpersonal relationships Becoming upset and abusive in response to perceived slights Little tolerance for frustration Tendency for substance abuse Suicide Promiscuity Binge eating, wreckless driving, self- mutilation

CAN I Distinguish the characteristics of the major types of personality disorders. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

I CAN Distinguish the developmental disorders by symptoms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Autism marked by disabilities in language, social interaction, and the ability to understand another person’s state of mind. A fundamental brain disorder with genetic influences

Asperger’s Syndrome/Disorder A milder variant of Autistic Disorder. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 It differs from other autism spectrum disorders by its relative preservation of linguistic and cognitive development. People with Asperger's often display intense interests.

Dyslexia/ Developmental Reading Disorder A reading disability, thought by some experts to involve a brain disorder in the language processing center. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 It is estimated that dyslexia affects between 5% and 17% of the U.S. population.

For these problems to be diagnosed as ADHD, they must be out of the normal range for the child's age and development. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 ADHD ADHD Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder A developmental disability involving short attention span, distractibility, and extreme difficulty in remaining inactive for any period of time..

Ritalin- Methylphenidate Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 It is believed that it works by activating the brain stem arousal system and cortex. Pharmacologically, it works on the neurotransmitter dopamine, and in that respect resembles the stimulant characteristics of cocaine. Street Name / Slang Terms Kibbles & Bits, Kiddy-Cocaine, Skippy, Smarties, Vitamin R.

CAN I Distinguish the developmental disorders by symptoms Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

I CAN Distinguish the symptoms of types of eating disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Eating Disorders Anorexia Nervosa Eating disorder involving persistent loss of appetite that endangers an individual’s health – stemming from psychological reasons rather than organic causes.

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Eating Disorders Bulimia Eating disorder characterized be eating binges followed by “purges,” induced by vomiting or laxatives.

CAN I Distinguish the symptoms of types of eating disorders Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper treatments, but diagnoses may also become labels that depersonalize individuals and ignore the social and cultural contexts in which their problems arise. What are the Consequences of Labeling People?

I CAN Explain the consequences of labeling Determine the significance of “insanity” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Ideally, accurate diagnoses lead to proper treatments, but diagnoses may also become labels that: Depersonalize individuals Ignore the social and cultural contexts in which their problems arise Create a “crutch” Allow others to stigmatize them for their diagnosis

Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007 The Plea of Insanity Insanity A legal term, not a psychological or psychiatric one, referring to a person who is unable, because of a mental disorder or defect, to confirm his or her behavior to the law. .85% of defendants use an insanity plea  Successful insanity pleas are very rare  NGRI is so controversial, that many states have introduced the option Guilty but Mentally Ill (GBMI), so the defendant will serve time AND be treated for mental illness.  This prevents a person from “getting away” with crimes even when mental illness contributed to its commission

John Hinckley Jr. Found not guilty" for reason of insanity in the 1982 trial for his attempted assassination of President Ronald Reagan. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

Jeffrey Dahmer Dahmer was convicted of the murder of 15 young men, whose mutilated, cannibalized bodies had been found in his Milwaukee apartment. At trial, he admitted the killings, but pled not guilty by reason of insanity. His plea was rejected, and the jury found Dahmer to be legally sane at the time of the murders. He was sentenced to 15 life terms. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

The Dahmer conviction was hailed by many as the death of the insanity defense. If such a clearly deranged killer could not be found legally insane, it seemed unlikely that the defense would ever be successful, at least in a high profile case involving a violent crime. Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007

CAN I Explain the consequences of labeling Determine the significance of “insanity” Copyright © Allyn & Bacon 2007