Week #5 Quarter 2 (11/12/13) Homework: Lab report Due Nov 19 one week! To Do Today : Lab report directions Due Nov 19 Finish coloring DNA Video on Genetics and DNA summary Fact of the Day Today in Biology Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatids Warm Up Question: notebook paper How is DNA Arranged? Shape? The right half of the brain controls the left side of our body muscles, and the left controls the right

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Week #5 Quarter 2 (11/13/13) Homework: Lab report Due Nov 19 one week! To Do Today : Finish video summary – turn into box Begin notes on DNA Organize notebook and check Fact of the Day Today in Biology Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatids Warm Up Question: 1. In DNA adenine pairs with __ and guanine pairs with __ 2. What makes up the DNA sides? At the ocean's deepest point, due to immense pressure, an iron ball would take more than an hour to sink to the ocean floor.

HISTORY OF GENETICS AND DNA DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID

DNA Structure handout (s) 5

6 DNA structure

DNA Introduction to DNA 1. What is genetics? 2. 1/3 of the recipe for a human being is the same as a ______. 3. 2/3 of our recipe is shared with ______. 4. Basic building block of life is the _____. 5. _____ carries the recipe for life. 6. What are genes? 7. What is genotype? 8. What is phenotype? 9. How long is all our DNA if we could stretch it out? 10. If we were to print a paper with A’s, T’s, G’s and C’s making our genetic code how many pages would it be? How many letters? Analysis of genetics and structure of DNA Page 1 Genes Genetics and DNA video

DNA HISTORY An experiment in 1928 by Frederick Griffith: He removed DNA from one type of bacteria & put it into a 2 nd type of bacteria. The 2 nd bacteria took on the characteristics of the 1 st bacteria.

QUESTION # 1 WHAT DID GRIFFITH’S EXPERIMENT INDICATE ABOUT DNA?

AND THE ANSWER IS…. DNA CARRIES THE GENETIC INFORMATION THAT DICTATES AN ORGANISMS CHARACTERISTICS. Page 31

THE STRUCTURE OF DNA In 1953, James Watson and Francis Crick were accredited to discovering the structure of DNA. Watson, Crick, and Maurice Wilkins were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physiology and Medicine in But should they have received the credit??? Page 31

Rosalind Franklin Franklin refined the technique of X-ray crystallography to study DNA and produced the famous photo 51. From photo 51 she determined that DNA had to be a double helix. Her partner, Maurice Wilkins, shared photo 51 with Watson & Crick, who published the results before Franklin. Franklin died in

DNA is wound up in tight chromosomes which are located in the nucleus Its shape is a twisted double helix

DNA is genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring. (Blueprint of life) Found in the nucleus of cells. Tightly coiled DNA makes chromatin & chromatin makes chromosomes.

Every organism’s DNA is different except clones & identical twins. DNA contains the genetic code of the organism - the instructions that tell the cell and the whole living thing what proteins to produce. The proteins that a cell makes control what that cell does - the cell's function. This code is based on the code from that organism's parents.

DNA is made of chemical building blocks called nucleotides. These building blocks are made of three parts: a phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. To form a strand of DNA, nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating. The structure of DNA is a twisted double helix (twisted ladder).

Adenine always pairs with Thymine A-T or T-A Cytosine always pairs with Guanine G-C or C- G

Nitrogen Bases There are two kinds of nitrogen- containing bases - purines and pyrimidines. Purines: Adenine and Guanine Purines are the larger of the two types of bases found in DNA Pyrimidines: Cytosine and Thymine Adenine and guanine are found in both DNA and RNA

Week #5 Quarter 2 (11/13/13) Homework: Lab report Due Nov 19 Tuesday To Do Today : Discuss notes Handouts on page 16 and 17 - complete Fact of the Day Today in Biology Biology Learning Goal: Overview of chapter 6 – Genes, DNA, Chromosomes and chromatids Warm Up Question: reflection! Who are James Watson and Francis Crick? Who is Rosalind Franklin? Eighty-five percent of all the plants and animals live in the sea.

Handouts pg. 16 and pg. 17 complete by Monday