1. DNA
"The Blueprint of Life"

3. Rosalind Franklin
1952, Rosalind Franklin used x-ray crystallography to take a picture of DNA

4. How is it like your own individual Barcode?
What is DNA?
How is it like your own individual Barcode?

5. X-ray Diffraction use of photo 51
Rosiland Franklin
X-ray Diffraction use of photo 51
X-ray diffraction data helped solve the structure of DNA
Indicated that DNA was a double helix

6. X-Ray chyrstallography

7. A little history lesson….
1953: James Watson (twenty-five years old at the time) and Francis Crick (right) established that the structure of a DNA was a double helix.
In 1962, Watson, Crick and Maurice Wilkins shared the Nobel Prize
Rosalind Franklin, who had died very young in 1958, was not included in the Prize despite her work being crucial to Watson and Crick.

8. DNA stands for... DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

9. Codes for your genes  (traits)
Made of repeating subunits called nucleotides

10. What is a nucleotide? Base Sugar Has three parts: 1. PHOSPHATE
2. DEOXYRIBOSE (sugar)
3. BASE  (A,T,G,C)
Phosphate
Base
Sugar

11. Base-Pair Rule Adenine <==> Thymine Guanine <==> Cytosine
The sides of the DNA ladder are phosphate & sugar
The steps of the ladder are made of nitrogen bases that are held together by hydrogen bonds

12. Base Pair Rule T A T A G T A C G C C C
One side:     A   T   A      T   C   A      T   G   C      G   G   G
Other side:
T A T
A G T
A C G
C C C

13. Two strands form the DOUBLE HELIX
Nitrogen Bases
Phosphate and
Sugar
Two strands form the DOUBLE HELIX

15. What is the relationship between GENES and DNA?

16. How the Code Works
The combination of A,T,G,C (bases) determines what traits you might have.....
C A T C A T   =  purple hair
T A C T A C  =  yellow hair

17. Think of the bases of DNA like letters.
Letters form words....
Words form sentences....
              *endless                combinations

18. Genetic Code “Words” and “Sentences” are called genes.
Humans have 20,000 – 25,000 genes that code for traits.
These genes tell a cell what proteins to make.
It is the proteins that give you your traits. For example, brown hair, blue eyes, etc.

19. Let's Review What We Know About DNA
1.  DNA stands for:   De _____ ribo ______  acid
2.  What is the shape of DNA? ______________
3.  Who established the structure of DNA?  ____________ and ______________
4.  Adenine always pairs with _______________
5.  The sides of the DNA ladder are deoxyribose and _______________

20. 6.  Guanine always pairs with _____________
7.  What is the complementary sequence:  
C A T  T  A G
8.  The two sides of DNA are held together by _______ bonds.
9.  DNA is composed of repeating subunits called ______________________
10.  What are the 4 bases that make up the rungs of the DNA ladder? ____________________