Ketan Mittal Research Assistant University of Nevada, Reno Miles Greiner Professor of Mechanical Engineering University of Nevada, Reno Funded by the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission, Contract NRC-HQ- 12 -P Packaging and Transportation of Radioactive Materials August 20, 2013 –San Francisco, California Ahti Suo-Anttila Computational Engineering Analysis LLC Albuquerque, New Mexico
Consider a package designed to transport one used nuclear fuel assembly in proximity to a long- lasting, 12-m diameter jet fuel fire If the package is centered over the pool, how long will it take before the fuel’s cladding reaches its possible burst temperature, 750°C? How far must the package be from the pool’s center so that its cladding will not reach this temperature, even for an infinitely-long-lasting fire? (Safe distance)
Models fuel block, steel-lead-steel construction surrounded by water tank Inside package, heat generation within the fuel, conduction and surface- to-surface radiation heat transfer
Simulations were performed for a range of modeling parameters Calculated fire time of concern for the cladding t c (when the cladding reaches 750°C) is between 11.8 and 13.3 hours
The fire time of concern for the cladding increases as the distance between the package and fuel centers increases For S x > 6.4 m (package over the pool edge) the cladding temperature never reaches its burst condition. This work helps risk analysts determine which actual fires have the potential to affect safety and require further study
t c = 5.1 hour and 15.4 hour for T F = 800 °C and 1000 °C, respectively
The fire time of concern for the cladding increases as the distance between the package and fuel centers increases For S x = 6.4 m, (center near the fire pool edge) the cladding temperature never reaches its burst condition.
Find the cladding time of concern with the package at other locations S X = 0, S Z = 0 S X = 3.4, S Z = 0 S X = 6.4, S Z = 0
Uses Rosseland effective conductivity to calculate radiation heat transfer in highly sooty regions Viewfactor radiation outside of heavily fire sooty regions Viewfactor radiation between fire surface and package
Fuel heat generation, Solar heat flux Natural convection and radiation heat transfer to 38 ° C environment External surface temperature, hottest at center
Use jet propellant (JP8) fuel fire from a 12-m-diameter pool Determine the dependence of fire time of concern on the package location with respect to the fire
Fire requirements: Package must be fully engulfed Package must be positioned 1 m over the surface of the fuel source Fuel source must extend between 1 and 3 m beyond package surface Component Condition of Concern Temperature of Concern [°C] Fuel cladding Cladding burst rupture T BR = 750 Temperature of concern
CAFE calculates fire behavior and relays heat transfer coefficient and bulk temperature data to ANSYS CAFE stand-alone run ANSYS runs CAFE runs Change in surface temperature (100°C) or elapsed time (60 sec) Relay heat transfer data for package surface
Benchmarking of CAFE parameters had been done with package over the center of 8 m diameter pool fire under wind conditions F PC – determines where the Rosseland effective conductivity will be used 0.08 suggested by previous experiments 0.1 used as the nominal-value xwm – controls the way momentum equation solutions will be solved 1 suggested for xwm 0.25 used as the nominal-value
ComponentCondition of Concern Temperature of Concern [°C] Fuel cladding Cladding burst rupture T BR = 750 O-ring Seal Thermal failure T TF = 427 Lead gamma shield Lead melt T LM = 316 Neutron shield tank Tank release valve opens due to liquid boiling T LB = 177
Seal
Gamma shield
Neutron shield
Fuel Injection Rate: Central disk of radius 4 m from which JP8 fuel vapor is injected into the domain at a rate of 0.01 kg/m 2 s. Fuel is injected at a rate of 0.12 kg/m 2 s (12 times higher) in the outer 2-m-wide ring. The higher rate in the outside ring is based on the higher heat transfer to that region from the fire, resulting in a higher rate of evaporation