Proximal objects Distant objects Concreteness Low-level construals Situational attributes Abstractness High-level construals Dispositional attributes Figure 1. Theoretical links within Construal Level Theory

selfother Figure 3. Theoretical illustration of the effects of social distance and temporal distance on perceived risk of a health problem. Perceived risk of a health problem every day every year lower high Social distance Temporal distance

positivenegative Figure 4. Theoretical illustration of the effects of social distance and outcome valence on the effectiveness of a health message Evaluations of the health message Perceived risk and severity Behavioral intent self other low high outcome valence Social Distance

gainloss Figure 5. Theoretical illustration of the effects of self-positivity bias and outcome valence on judgment for advocated health behavior Judgment for advocated health behavior self other negative positive outcome valence Social Distance

gainloss Figure 8. Theoretical illustration of the interaction effect of cultural orientation and outcome valence on the effectiveness of a health message Effectiveness of the message independents interdependents low high outcome valence Cultural Orientation

selfother Figure 7. Theoretical illustration of the interaction effect of cultural orientation and social distance on the effectiveness of a health message Effectiveness of the message independents interdependents low high outcome valence Cultural Orientation