Issues in the Early Republic December 7, 2015 # 45 Warm Up: Copy the following questions. What evidence of leadership is seen in this portrait? Are these leadership qualities important for a president or government official? Why? Wrap Up: What are two of the precedents that George Washington set? The Early Republic Notes Glue like a flap here Washington’s Feelings

Issues in the Early Republic December 8, 2015 # 46 Warm Up: Set up your political parties foldable: 2 doors labeled Federalists and Dem-Reps Wrap Up: How could some of the problems faced in the early republic have been avoided? Glue your political parties foldable here

Economic Challenges of the New Republic December 9, 2015 # 47 Warm Up: You will complete a TACOS analysis on the picture on the next slide Wrap Up: Turn and Talk – tell your neighbor 2 things you learned today Economic challenges notes

Complete a TACOS analysis T: A: C: O: S: Summary:

Economic Challenges of the New Republic December 10, 2015 # 48 Warm Up: Choose one foreign or domestic policy event after 1787 and describe the event Wrap up: Name the first 5 presidents and 1 thing they were famous for Glue your Foreign and Domestic policy chart here

Early Republic Writing to Learn December 11, 2015 #49 Quiz – Complete your Early Republic Quiz. When you finish your quiz, chart your date and begin writing Writing Prompt: “The Better President” Using what you have learned about George Washington and John Adams, which of the two Presidents had the better presidency? Why? explain Continue your writing here The expectation is that you will write for the remainder of the class period. There is to be NO talking. If you have a question or need information, please use your notes, the text book underneath you, or you may ask me

Evidence of Leadership Analyze the image and answer the following questions about the Stuart Gilbert portrait of George Washington: What evidence of leadership is seen in this portrait? Are these leadership qualities important for a president or government official? Why?

Issues in the Early Republic

Washington as President Understood the importance of precedents Called “Mr. President” instead of “His Excellency” First Cabinet Demanded promptness to meetings, formality

Whiskey Rebellion To help pay off the war debt, Washington started to tax whiskey The farmers who grew the grain to make the whiskey were angry. Farmers did not have the money to pay for the tax.

The Rebellion In the summer of 1794, a group of farmers in Western Pennsylvania rebelled against the whiskey tax and staged the Whiskey Rebellion. One group beat up a tax collector and coated him with tar and feathers.

Why whiskey? Farmers had a hard time getting their grain to market, so they turned their grain into whiskey, which was easier to transport. They got more money for the whiskey anyway. Farmers traded the whiskey for salt, sugar, and other goods. Farmers used whiskey as money to get whatever supplies they needed.

Why do you think tax collectors were tarred and feathered?

The Government Responds Washington and Federal troops marched to Western Pennsylvania and put down the revolt. GW proved that the government would deal with people not obeying the law.

Why do you think Washington chose to lead the troops himself?

Foreign Policy Under Washington Revolution in France divides America Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation (England vs France) Impressments of American ships Jay’s Treaty (1794) Pinckney’s Treaty (1795) Chaos in France

Washington’s Farewell Address Before he retired, Washington gave a farewell address (speech). In it he….. Warned against political parties - he thought they caused arguments Warned the nation to remain neutral and not become involved in foreign alliances. Warned against a powerful military. Encouraged Americans to put the nation first (nationalism)

Washington’s Farewell Address Read handouts and answer the questions

Political Parties Despite Washington’s warnings, political parties developed. The first two political parties were the Federalists and Democratic-Republicans.

Hamilton versus Jefferson Alexander Hamilton led the Federalists. Thomas Jefferson led the Democratic- Republicans. Northern merchants and manufacturers became Federalists. Southern farmers and workers became Democratic-Republicans

John Adams Becomes 2 nd President After Washington retired, his Vice-President, John Adams became the second president. Thomas Jefferson came in second. He became Vice- President.

XYZ Affair The U.S. was having problems with France. They were seizing American ships so they couldn’t trade with England. Adams sent men to France to work out the problems. France tried to blackmail Americans into agreeing to loan France $10 million and to pay the minister a bribe of $250,000. Americans refused. The incident became known as the XYZ Affair.

Alien and Sedition Acts A. President Adams was criticized for the XYZ affair by Democratic-Republican newspapers. B. He blamed the papers and new immigrants for his problems. C. To silence his critics, the Alien and Sedition Acts were passed. D. These acts targeted aliens —immigrants who were not yet citizens.

E. One act increased the waiting period for becoming a U.S. citizen from 5 to 14 years. F. Other acts gave the president the power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartime. G. A fourth act outlawed sedition. Saying or writing anything false or harmful about the government became illegal. Newspaper editors were arrested. H. Many people thought the Alien and Sedition Acts violated the First Amendment.

Economic Challenges of the New Republic

Economic Problems Debt from the war The nation must repay its debt to win the respect of both foreign nations and its own citizens.

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Alexander Hamilton – Secretary of the Treasury Proposed 3 steps 1. Pay off war debts 2. Raise government revenues ($) 3. Create a national bank

Protective Tariffs Tax on imported goods from other countries Raises the price of imported goods to make them less attractive. Encourages the purchase of American products

Protective Tariffs Northern States supported the tariffs Economy was based on industry Tariffs protected their products and they made more money

Protective Tariffs Southern States opposed tariffs Bought most of their equipment and supplies from other countries Tariffs cost them money

Taxation Federal government maintained the right to tax certain goods for revenue ($) purposes.

National Bank Hamilton believed in the creation of a National Bank To issue currency To provide loans to individuals and businesses Strengthen the national government

National Bank Others including Jefferson and Madison opposed a National Bank. Believed the Federal Government would become too powerful.

National Bank Both sides used the U.S. Constitution to support their argument. Strict vs. loose interpretation of the U.S. Constitution

Free Enterprise System Alexander Hamilton believed in a strong central government and encouraged business and industry.

Free Enterprise System Free Enterprise System - economic system in which individuals depend on supply and demand and profit to decide what, how and how much to produce and for whom to produce.

Free Enterprise System Laissez-faire – belief that government should not interfere in the economy except to protect private property rights and to maintain peace

Free Enterprise System Entrepreneurship – people who risk their capital (money) in organizing and running a business

Free Enterprise System Benefits Freedom of choice in producing and purchasing Led to urbanization and expansion Strengthened the U.S. economy