1 Introduction To Ophthalmology Samir Jamal MD,FRCSC Head of Department King Abdulaziz University

2 Agenda Role of GP Anatomy Physiology Terminology Symptoms Examination

3 Anatomy 1. Globe (Eye Ball) – 3 Coats – 3 Cavities – Lens / Zonules 2. Orbit /Lids /EOM 3. Optic nerve & Visual pathway

4 Globe 1. Outer Coat 1. Cornea 2. Sclera 2. Middle Coat (Uvea) 1. Iris 2. Ciliary Body 3. Choroid 3. Inner Coat (Retina)

5 Outer Coat 1. Sclera: الصلبة Covered by episclera and anteriorly by conjunctiva Function: Eye Protection Disease: Scleritis & Episcleritis

6 Outer Coat 2. Cornea: القرنية Forms anterior 1/5 of the outer coat Function: Vision (The first and most important refractive surface of the eye) Disease: Corneal Abrasion& Keratitis

7 Middle Coat 1. Iris (القزحية) Central hole called pupil (بؤبؤ) Function: 1. Responsible for the color of the eye 2. Controls the amount of light that enters the eye through contraction of 2 parasympathetic muscles: (Dilator pupillae & Sphincter pupillae) Disease: Iritis

8 Middle Coat (Uvea) 2. Ciliary Body: Function: – Secretion of aqueous humor – Accommodation: by contraction of the ciliary muscle the zonules are relaxed thus the lens will become more spherical (more convex) Disease: Cyclitis

9 Middle Coat (Uvea) 3. Choroid: Function: – Supplies the outer part of the retina with blood Disease: – Choroiditis – Malignant melanoma of choroid

10 Inner Coat Retina ((الشبكية Function: – Neural tissue responsible for processing light stimuli into electric impulses transmitted to visual cortex of the brain. – It is composed of 2 major parts: Outer: retinal pigment epithelium & Inner: sensory retina Disease: Retinal Detachment, Retinitis, & Diabetic Retinopathy