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Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science The Human Eye and Vision 1 (Producing The Image)

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Presentation on theme: "Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science The Human Eye and Vision 1 (Producing The Image)"— Presentation transcript:

1 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science The Human Eye and Vision 1 (Producing The Image)

2 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science In this section... u Anatomy of human eye u Image formation by human eye u Method of light detection u Retinal processing u Eye optical defects and diseases

3 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Human Visual System Image formation Exposure Control DetectionProcessing Cornea Lens Iris/pupil Photoreceptor sensitivity Retina Rods Cones Brain

4 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Human Eye u Human eye is a complete imaging system. Ear side (Temporal) Nose side (Nasal) Cornea Aqueous Humor Pupil Iris Ciliary Muscle Sclera Fovea Retina Optic Nerve Vitreous Humor Eyelens Choroid Suspensory ligament

5 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Image Formation u The curved surfaces of the eye focus the image onto the back surface of the eye. Object Image

6 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Cornea u The outer wall of the eye is formed by the hard, white sclera. u Cornea is the clear portion of the sclera. u 2/3 of the refraction takes place at the cornea. Sclera Cornea

7 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Iris and Pupil u Colored iris controls the size of the opening ( pupil ) where the light enters. u Pupil determines the amount of light, like the aperture of a camera. Iris Iris open Dilated pupil Iris closed Constricted pupil Pupil

8 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Lens u Eye lens is made of transparent fibers in a clear membrane. u Suspended by suspensory ligament. u Used as a fine focusing mechanism by the eye; provides 1/3 of eye’s total refracting power. u Non-uniform index of refraction. Lens Suspensory Ligament Ciliary muscle Transparent Fibers Cross section of the eye lens

9 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Accommodation u The suspensory ligaments attach the lens to the ciliary muscle. u When the muscle contracts, the lens bulges out in the back, decreasing its focal length. u The process by which the lens changes shape to focus is called accommodation. Relaxed muscle Taut ligaments Distant object Near object Contracted muscle Slack ligaments

10 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Aqueous Humor and Vitreous Humor u Transparent gelatinous liquid filling the eye. u Provides nutrients to the cornea and eye lens. u Also helps maintain the eyeball shape with its pressure. Vitreous Humor Aqueous Humor

11 Imaging Science FundamentalsChester F. Carlson Center for Imaging Science Retina u Retina is the photosensitive “detector” for the eye. u Two types of receptors in the retina: rods for low light level, and cones for color. u Located at the center of the retina, fovea contains a greater concentration of cones. u Signals from the receptors leave through the optic nerve to the brain. Retina Optic Nerve Fovea


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