FCAT Review topic a 2015

Topic 2: food webs/chains, mutualism, limiting factors, energy transfer Compare and contrast the relationships among organisms such as mutualism, predation, parasitism, competition, and commensalism.

Producers, Consumers, Decomposers Producers produce food through photosynthesis Consumers consume, or eat, food. The 3 types of consumers are: Herbivores - eat only plants (primary consumers) Carnivores - eat only meat (secondary and/or tertiary consumers) Omnivores - consume both plants and meat  Decomposers break down dead or decaying organisms into nutrients for the soil. These include fungi, bacteria, worms and some bugs.

Make a Food Web A food web is a more accurate depiction of how energy moves through a community of organisms. Food chains show only a single set of energy transfers, ignoring that many organisms obtain energy from many different sources, and in turn may provide energy to many different organisms. With a partner, create a food web using the organisms provided.

Limiting Factors

Limiting Factor

Limiting Factors Organisms that do not have enough of these limiting factors will have their population limited: Food Water Shelter Space Disease Parasitism Predation Nesting sites

Both organisms benefit

One organism benefits, the other organism is unaffected

One organism benefits, the other organism is harmed

Last one standing Everyone stands up. If you get the correct answer, remain standing. If you get the wrong answer, sit down. The last one standing wins.

The cleaner fish eats parasites and food bits out of the inside of this moray eel. It gets a meal and is protected from predators by the fierce eel.

A lichen is really two organisms: algae and fungus A lichen is really two organisms: algae and fungus. The fungus needs food but cannot make it. The algae makes food but needs some way to keep moist. The fungus forms a crust around the algae which holds in moisture.

Barnacles need a place to anchor Barnacles need a place to anchor. They must wait for food to come their way. Some barnacles hitch a ride on unsuspecting whales who deliver them to a food source. This does not affect the whale in any way.

Bedbugs are small, nocturnal parasites that come out of hiding at night to feed on unsuspecting humans.  They feed exclusively on blood!  Their bites often result in an allergic reaction.

Mangrove trees are common to the Florida Everglades Mangrove trees are common to the Florida Everglades. The tree roots serve as a place for freshwater oysters to attach when the tide is high, as shown in the picture below. The oysters are protected from predators when attached to the roots underwater. The oysters do not harm the trees nor do they provide any benefit to the trees. Which relationship describes the relationship between the mangrove trees and the oysters?

The clown fish gains protection from the sea anemone while helping to keep it clean.

Topic 1: Interactions among spheres and weather patterns Differentiate and show interactions among the geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere. 6.E.7.5 Explain how energy provided by the sun influences global patterns of atmospheric movement and the temperature differences between air, water, and land.

spheres 10 types of interactions that can occur within the earth system often occur as a series of chain reactions one interaction leads to another interaction…which leads to another… It is a ripple effect through the Earth’s spheres

Your TURN A forest fire may destroy all the plants in an area. (event  biosphere) The absence of plants could lead to an increase in erosion of soil. (biosphere  lithosphere) Increased amounts of soil entering streams can lead to increased turbidity, or muddiness, of the water. (lithosphere  hydrosphere) Increased turbidity of stream water can have negative impacts on the plants and animals that live in it. (hydrosphere  biosphere)

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere Forest fires occurred in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 1988 and destroyed tremendous areas of the park. Below are some of the EVENT  SPHERE interactions discovered during an analysis of the Yellowstone forest fires event. Can you name them? 1. A lack of moisture in the soil and in vegetation may have provided a dry environment in which the fires, once burning, could continue to burn.

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere Forest fires occurred in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming 1988 and destroyed tremendous areas of the park. Below are some of the EVENT  SPHERE interactions discovered during an analysis of the Yellowstone forest fires event. Can you name them? 1. A lack of moisture in the soil and in vegetation may have provided a dry environment in which the fires, once burning, could continue to burn. Event  Hydrosphere

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere 2. A lightning strike from the air may have started the fires by igniting the dry vegetation. Event  Atmosphere 3. Heat from the fire may have further removed moisture from the air, soil, and vegetation through the process of evaporation. Event  Hydrosphere

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere 4. The intense heat from the fires may have caused some rocks to break apart. Event  Lithosphere 5. Gaseous pollutants such as carbon dioxide (CO2) may have been produced during the burning of the vegetation and carried into the air by the wind. Event  Atmosphere

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere 6. Increased erosion of loose soil may have led to increased sediments (i.e. soil particles) in streamwater, making the water "muddier." Lithosphere  Hydrosphere 7. A decrease in vegetation may have resulted in increased soil erosion because there were fewer roots to hold the soil in place. Lithosphere  Biosphere

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere 8. Ash particles in the water may have clogged the gills of fish and other aquatic organisms and choked them. Hydrosphere  Biosphere 9. There may have been more precipitation in neighboring areas because ash particles in the air may have become condensation centers upon which raindrops could form. Hydrosphere  Atmosphere

geosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, atmosphere and biosphere 10. Smoke in the air may have coated the lungs of animals- -including people--and affected their ability to breathe. Biosphere  Atmosphere How did you do?

The END

Cut Out SLIdes 34-38 for each group to make a food web (on slide 14)

Fox Deer Bear Ferret Mouse Grass Food Web: Print this and the next 2 pages, cut and paste on a separate sheet of paper