Question? How have the expectations of others affected your decisions about your programs and education?

Question? Have you ever learned from those with whom you work (or live with) like Mr. Peterson did? Who was the person and what did you learn?

Question? Why is it important to celebrate your success?

Question? What is your favorite “study environment”, if you have one (if not, what is your ideal study environment?)? Why does it work well for you?

IMPORTANT FACT… Your unique study environment needs are important to your success when studying!

UNDERSTANDING MEMORY Everyone remembers AND forgets information The senses help us take in information With very little effort, you can remember some information With rehearsal (study), you can remember a great deal of information Without use, information is forgotten Information needs to be “filed” Information must have a retrieval system Mnemonic devices, repetition, association, and rehearsal help with storage and retrieval

Question? How does visualizing help solidify information into long- term memory? What are some ways you can incorporate visualization into your studies?

Visual-Spatial Learners Visual-spatial learners think in pictures rather than in words. They learn better visually than auditorally. They learn all-at-once, and when the light bulb goes on, the learning is permanent. They do not learn from repetition and drill. They are whole-part learners who need to see the big picture first before they learn the details. Source:

Question? What is the difference between “knowing” and “memorizing”?

STAGES OF MEMORY Sensory Working (or Short-Term) Long-Term

SENSORY MEMORY Stores information from the five senses Lasts 1–3 seconds only Very large capacity Concentrating on information moves it to short- term memory

WORKING OR SHORT-TERM MEMORY Short duration Holds 5–9 pieces of information Rehearsing information moves it to long-term memory

LONG-TERM MEMORY Stores a large amount of information Like files on a computer disk Consists of information you have: Heard often Used often Deemed necessary

Question? How does visualizing help solidify information into long- term memory? What are some ways you can incorporate visualization into your studies?

VCR3 AND MEMORY V…Visualizing C…Concentrating R…Relating R…Repeating R…Reviewing

MEMORY HELPERS Proper sleep Proper nutrition / diet Exercise Mental exercises such as crossword puzzles, brain teasers, name games, etc… A positive mindset The proper environment Scheduled study breaks Repetition and visualization

MEMORY HINDRANCES Internal and external distractions Alcohol Drugs Stress Closed mindedness (tuning out things you don’t like) Inability to distinguish important facts from unimportant facts

KNOWING VS. MEMORIZING Knowing Making a personal commitment Energy and a positive attitude You “own” the information Memorizing Rote rehearsal Quickly lost or forgotten

OWNING THE MATERIAL Can I relate x to y? Can I illustrate how x does y? Can I compare and contrast x to y? Can I apply x to y in the real world? Can I distinguish x from y? Can I define, identify, name, and describe x? Can I solve the problem of x? Can I rearrange x to make it work with y? Can I support the theory of x and y? Can I defend my knowledge of x or y?

Question? Which of the mnemonic devices listed in the Ready, Set, Go section of Chapter 7 have you found to be most helpful in your studying, and why (provide an example if you can)?

MEMORY STRATEGIES SQ3R reading technique Mnemonic devices Cooperative learning

SQ3R METHOD S—Scan the chapter Q—Develop questions from headings R—Read the chapter R—Recite the information read R—Review the chapter

MNEMONICS Jingles or rhymes Sentences Words Story lines Acronyms Pegs

Acronyms HOMES Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior (Great Lakes) BRASS Breath, Relax, Aim, Sight, Squeeze (how to shoot a rifle) NEWS North, East, West, South (compass points) ROY G. BIV Red, Orange, Yellow, Green, Blue, Indigo, Violet (colors of the spectrum)

Character Illustration by Christian O’Brien

COOPERATIVE LEARNING Questioning Comparing Drilling Brainstorming Sharing Mapping

CHAPTER REFLECTION Study the hardest material first Review your class and text notes Use mnemonics Take short breaks every 30 minutes Study in a bright and cool setting Have a healthy snack Approach the material several ways

Unit #4 Seminar (Next Week) Next week we’ll discuss research, the KU Library, and how to format with APA Any questions? If you don’t have any questions, I’m wrapping up seminar, so feel free to depart Thank you very much for your input into the seminar! Have a wonderful week!