Enzyme Activity

______________________ are broken and made between one or more substances to create new substances. In the process energy is absorbed or released. Chemical Reaction: Chemical bonds

Chemical Equation: shows the reactants (_____ side) and products (______ side) Ex.A + B  C + D left right

Activation energy: the amount of energy needed to _________ a chemical reaction Energy Reaction Progress start Activation Energy

Catalyst: substance that reduces the ______________ of a chemical reaction. Enzyme: protein catalyst that __________ the rate of a chemical reaction. activation energy increases

Energy Reaction Progress New Activation Energy Green Red Green: Uncatalyzed Red: Catalyzed

Substrate: specific substance that binds to enzyme Active site: place on enzyme where substrate attaches. ENZYME

Steps for a catalyzed reaction: (1) enzyme + substrates  (2) enzyme-substrate complex  (3) enzyme + products ENZYME Active site

Theories on how enzymes work: “Induced fit”: substrates are “forced” into active site. This strains the bonds in the molecule, causing them to be more easily broken and therefore speeding up the reaction.

“Lock and Key”: when substrates fit into active site this holds substrates near to each other so they can react. Theories on how enzymes work:

Factors that affect enzyme function: 1. temperature 2.pH 3.Concentration of enzyme or substrate