Renal System.

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Presentation transcript:

Renal System

Gross structure of the kidneys cortex, medulla, pyramids, renal calyxes and pelvis, ureter. Gross size and weight (300~400 g) of kidneys (about 0.5% of body weight) in humans

Anatomy of the Kidney

The nephron is the basic unit of renal structure and functions.

Nephron Glomerulus Bowman’s Capsule Proximal Convoluted Tubule Loop of Henle Distal Convoluted Tubule

Tubular Secretion and Reabsorption

Role of kidney Apart from urine formation Blood pressure from Renin production RBC production from Erythropoietin

Combining form Cyst/o--- urinary bladder Urethr/o urethra Ureter/o ureter Pyel/o renal pelvis Nephr/o kidney Vesic/o urinary bladder Ren/o kidney

Pathology of the Kidney Nephrolithiasis - Kidney stones (renal calculi) Nephrotic syndrome - A group of symptoms caused by excessive protein loss in the urine (also called nephrosis) Polycystic kidneys - Multiple fluid-filled sacs (cysts) within and upon the kidney Pyelonephritis - Inflammation of the renal pelvis and renal medulla Glomerulonephritis - Inflammation of the kidney glomerulus (Bright disease)

Polycystic kidneys

Pathology of the Kidney Renal cell carcinoma - Cancerous tumor of the kidney in adulthood Renal failure - Failure of the kidney to excrete urine Renal hypertension - High blood pressure resulting from kidney disease Wilms tumor – Malignant tumor of the kidney occurring in childhood Diabetes mellitus - Inadequate secretion or improper utilization of insulin Anuria: abnormal condition of no urine production

Investigation Kidneys, ureters, bladder (KUB): X-ray image of the kideys and urinary tract without the use of contrast. Cystoscopy: Blood urea nitrogen (BUN): measures the amount of urea in the blood. retrograde pyelogram (RP): x-ray film of the urinary tract with contrast material injected via a cather into the urethra. Urography:

Treatment procedures Dialysis: seperation of waste material from blood by a machine. Lithotripsy: shock waves are beamed into a patient to crush urinary tract stones. Urinary catheterization: passing of a catheter through the urethra and bladder for drainage of urine. Renal transplantation:

Noct (night) Olig (few) Tripsy (crushing) BUN (blood urea nitrogen) KUB (kidney, ureter, bladder) ADH (anti-diuretic hormone) UTI (urinary tract infection) CRF (chronic renal failure?, corticotropin releasing factor?) ARF (acute renal failure?)