Review Atmosphere & Weather

6-4.1 Atmospheric Layers 6-4.2 Water Cycle 6-4.3 Clouds Name the atmospheric layers from Earth’s surface outward & name an object for each layer. troposphere(weather/planes) stratosphere(ozone) mesosphere(meteors) thermosphere( 18000C , space shuttles/satellites) What are the two most common gases found throughout all the layers? nitrogen & oxygen Name the form of oxygen found in the stratosphere. ozone What are the important gases for weather conditions that are found in the troposphere? water vapor & carbon dioxide What do we call all of the gases like carbon dioxide, argon and other gases that make up 1% of the atmospheric gases? trace gases

What separates the atmospheric layers? differences in temperatures As altitude __________, temperature ____________ in the troposphere. increases decreases The ______________ is cold except in the upper region where the ozone is located. stratosphere The ______________ is the coldest layer. mesophere The air is very _________________ in the THERMOSPHERE and it is very ______. thin hot The cold regions of outer space extend from the ____________. exosphere ____ ______ is the force exerted by the gases pushing on an object. air pressure

Air pressure is greatest in the _________________. troposphere Air pressure ______________ through the layers farther out from the surface as Earth’s pull of ______________ decreases. decreases gravity Pressure __________________ as you move from the troposphere to the exosphere. decreases ________ is always moving between the troposphere and the surface of Earth. water Condensation is forming ________. Clouds The forms of precipitation are __________,______,______,____,&_______. rain, snow, freezing rain, sleet, & hail Temperature variations within _______ and Earth allows for forms of precipitation. clouds

The two ways water enters the atmosphere are _______&_______. evaporation transpiration ____________ is plants releasing water vapor. transpiration 22. Water vapor changing to water droplets is called __________________. condensation _________ is formed when water vapor condenses directly onto surfaces. dew ________ is formed when water vapor changes from gas to ice crystals. frost _____________ is when precipitation that falls on land surfacesattempts to move back toward sea level as surface-water flow or groundwater flow. run-off 26. Water will remain on the surface when the surface is not _______ or the precipitation is falling too fast to sink into the ground. porous

Water will sink into the ground when the ground surface is porous and there is lots of ________ in the soil to hold the water. space Clouds are classified into ________ major groups. three _____________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are puffy with flat bottoms. cumulus When cumulus clouds are white they signal_______ weather, but when they are darker, they may signal _______ or _________. fair rain thunderstorms ___________ clouds form at medium or low elevations and are spread out layer upon layer. stratus As stratus clouds ________, __________ usually occurs over that area. thicken precipitation _________ means rain. nimbus

34. Name two cloud with the prefix “nimbus” cumulonimbus nimbostratus A _________ cloud is also called a thunderhead, is oftne part of thunderstorm conditions that may accompany a _____ ______. cumulonimbus cold front Alto means _______ level. medium Name two clouds with the prefix alto. altocumulus altostratus Clouds that form when condensation occurs near the ground are called _____. fog ________ ________ are huge bodies of air that form over water or land in tropical or polar regions air masses _______ and _______ within the air masses are important in air masses. temperature humidity

6-4.4 Air Masses,pressure sys&fronts 6-4.5 Tools 6-4.5 Weather data 41. As air masses move and collide with each other, ________ form at the boundaries between them. fronts 42.Name the four types of fronts. warm cold stationary occluded 43.When a warm air mass rides over a cold air mass, long periods of _____ and warmer temperatures may occur. precipitation 44. When a cold air mass slides under a warm air mass, _________and sometimes __________ and cooler temperatures may occur. thunderstorms tornadoes 45. When neither a cold air mass nor a warm air mass moves at a frontal boundary, the result is a __________ _______ and may produce long periods of ____________ stationary front precipitation 46. When a cold air mass pushes into a warm air mass that is behind a cool air mass the warm air mass is pushed up above the cooler air mass. An_________ _________ occurs and a long period of _______ are produced. occluded front precipitation Warm air _____ and cold air _______ combined with the spinning of Earth causes the air to spin forming high & low _____ regions. rising sinking pressure

48. _______ pressure systems usually signal fair weather with winds moving clockwise. high ______ pressure systems usually signal stormy weather with winds moving counter clockwise. low When pressure differences occur, severe weather conditions called ______. storms ___________ can form in cumulonimbus clouds; usually along a cold front but can form within an air mass. thunderstorm ______ is a rapidly moving funnel-shaped cloud that extends down from a storm cloud. tornado _______ is a low pressure tropical storm that forms over warm ocean water.The lower the pressure in the center of this storm, the faster the winds blow towards the center of the storm. hurricane

54. ________ is a condition of Earth’s atmosphere at any time. weather 55. Fair weather, showers, light rain, humid conditions, clear skies with cold conditions, days of precipitation, or others that involve storms are all weather _____________ conditions ________ A tool used to measure wind speed. anemometer ___________ or _____________a tool used to measure wind direction. wind vane wind sock Wind direction is described by the direction from which the wind is _______. blowing _________ is a tool used to measure air temperature. thermometer __________ A two- thermometer instrument also referred to as a wet-dry bulb used to measure relative humidity. sling psychrometer

61. Temperature readings on a sling psychrometer are converted using a ________ ________ table. relative humidity __________ is a tool used to measure air pressure. barometer ________ is a tool used to measure the amount of precipitation. rain gauge ________ ________ and patterns can be predicted based on weather data collected from various sources. weather conditions ________________ observe and measure basic weather conditions at national weather data collection sites. meteorologists In order to make weather predictions, the __________ should be collected on a regular basis over a period of time. data Patterns in weather conditions can be developed from the __________ of data. analysis

68. Meteorologists can predict the path of a hurricane by using data plotted over time on a ______________ tracking map. hurricane __________ are used on weather maps to indicate high and low pressure systems. isobars _________ are used on a weather map to indicate temperature ranges. isotherms ________ ________ from specific locations provide information that can be used to predict weather patterns. station models The information on a station model can include_________,________,______ and______, _______or _________. cloud cover temperature wind direction speed precipitation, barometric pressure Satellite images are used to see _____ ________ and _______. cloud patterns movements

74. Radar images can be used to detect _____ _______,________, ________ _________, ____________ and _________as well as the potential for ___________ weather. cloud cover rainfall storm location intensity movement severe 6-4.7 Sun heating Land & Water 6-4.8 Convection 6-4.9 Global winds The source for heating the Earth and circulating Earth’s atmosphere comes from the ______________. Sun Some of the Sun’s energy coming through Earth’s atmosphere is ___________ or ____________ by gases and/or clouds. reflected or absorbed The _____ heats up and releases its heat fairly quickly, but the ______ needs to absorb lots of solar energy to warm up. land water The ________ on Earth helps to regulate the temperature range of Earth’s atmosphere. water

79. ____________________ is the process of heat from the Sun moving back into the troposphere where it cannot get through the atmosphere and is trapped. greenhouse effect Warm air near the Earth’s surface rises and then cools and drops, this creats a _________ ________ in the atmosphere. convection current The three atmospheric convection areas are_________ , _______, & ________. tropical temperature polar Convection happens on a global scale in the atmosphere and causes ______ _________. global winds Global winds move _______ ______ and surface _______ _______ in particular direction. weather systems ocean currents Due to the spinning of Earth, weather systems move in certain directions because of ___________ ______ __________. global wind belts

Convection currents near bodies of water can cause local winds known as __________ ____________ and _______ ___________. land breezes sea breezes The ______ ________ of Earth’s oceans circulate warm and cold ocean waters in convection patterns and influence the weather and climate of the land masses nearby. surface currents The _______ Gulf Stream current influences the eastern Atlantic shoreline of the US. warm 88. The _______ California current influences the Pacific shoreline. cold The unequal heating of Earth causes ______ _______(tropical,temperature, polar) climate zones 90. Climate is related to_______regions at various latitudes. convection

Climate is related to ________ differences between the equator and the poles. temperature Climate is related to ________ and ______ surface ocean currents. warm cold _______ _______ are found in each convection region. global winds Because convection cells are in place in the atmosphere and earth is spinning on its axis, the global winds appear to curve. This is known as the __________ ________. Coriolis effect The global wind belt regions, the prevailing direction of the winds and how air moves affect ______ _________. weather conditions _______ _________ blow from east to west in the tropical region moving warm tropical air in that climate zone. trade winds

97. The prevailing _______ ___________ blow from west to east in the temperature region. westerly winds The temperate zone temperatures are affected most by _____ __________. changing seasons The US is in the ______ wind belt. westerly 100. The weather sytems move across the country from _____ to ________. west east Tropical weather systems, like hurricanes are moved by prevailing ____ _____. trade winds The______ ______ blow northeast to west in the polar region. polar winds 103. ___ ______ A fast moving ribbon of air that moves from west to east in the Northern Hemisphere around Earth. jet stream

The _______ _______ _______ can bring down cold polar conditions from the north. polar jet stream 105. The _______ _____ ______ can bring warm tropical conditions from the south(in the northern hemisphere). subtropical jet stream