Level Mode of Lake Baikal Measures to counteract the negative effects of hydropower development on fisheries Government of the Republic of Buryatia Ministry of Natural Resources of the Republic of Buryatia First Deputy Minister of Natural Resources of the Republic of Buryatia Alexandr Lbov 2015

Results of construction of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station (1959) 1.Lake Baikal after the construction of the Irkutsk hydropower station is an artificial reservoir 2.As the level of the lake increased, its water surface area has increased by about 500 km2 3.Intra-level fluctuations of Lake Baikal increased from 82 cm to 94 cm 4.There has been a radical change in intra-flow of the Angara River, has significantly increased the winter and decreased summer runoff 5.After the lifting of Lake Baikal to 1 m, there have been radical changes in the landscape and biota of the Baikal shoal which stabilized only after 40 years

WHAT HAPPENS IF : The effects arising from the level rises above 457 meters: - Increasing the amount of electricity production in the Irkutsk hydroelectric station; - It starts with coastal erosion and flooding of low terraces settlements; - There erosion canvases road and railway; - It destroys the coastal ecosystem of the lake Baikal, where the fattening of young fish; - It will be completely destroyed island lake system Yarki and Lake Baikal will increase in the north to km and deltas river Kichera and Verkhnaya(Upper) Angara and Verkhneangarsky rubbish will disappear; - Flooded floodplain of the city of Irkutsk The effects arising from the reduction below 456 m: - Coastal ecosystem of Lake Baikal, where fattens of young fish will be dried; - Depleted water intakes below the dam of the Irkutsk hydroelectric power station; - Reduces the production of hydroelectric power station on the Angara cascade; -Reduced freight transport on the rivers Angara and Yenisei

December 5, 1996 at the 20th session of the World Heritage Committee, held in the Mexican city of Merida, Baikal was included in the list of Natural Heritage

- Federal Law "On Protection of Lake Baikal» № 94-FZ (1999) - Resolution of the Government of the Russian Federation № 234 "On the limiting values of the water level in Lake Baikal in the implementation of economic and other activities" the minimum level of the lake 456 m in TO the maximum level of the lake m TO Legal documents in the field of Lake Baikal protection

, water shortage on the lake Baikal Useful inflow into the lake Baikal : 2014 – 1270 м3/с (68% from the norm), 2015 about 1070 м3/с (57% from the norm ), norm – 1870 м3/с ( ). Minimum inflow useful for many years ( ) – 1105 м3/с (1903). Maximum filling the reservoir in 2014 – 456,57 м ТО ( ) Chronology of course levels of Lake Baikal in 2015 : – 456,15 м, – 456,00 м, – 455,86 м, – 456,00 м. Maximum filling the reservoir in 2015 – 456,30 м ( г.) м ( ) Estimated levels of : the end of December 2015 г. – м, к – м ( depending on winter temperatures and inflow in April ). In the coming years, the development of water shortage can occur in three possible ways: 1. The continuation of extreme water shortage; 2. Soft way out of extreme water shortage; 3. The output of the extreme shortage of water in a high water content. 7

Analysis of the filling of Lake Baikal in Min level Date of min level Level on September 29 Difference cm Amount of days Filling rate cm/day Max level Date of max level 456, , ,50 456, , , ,44 456, , , ,58 456, , , ,51 456, , , ,25 456, , , ,28456, Min level Date of min level Level on August 31 Difference cm Amount of days Filling rate cm/day Max level Date of max level 456, , ,57 456, , , ,53 456, , , ,69 456, , , ,54 456, , , ,32 456, , , ,34456,

Consequences of the lake level below the critical level on water and biological resources - drainage and removal from circulation of the fishery waters of lake Baikal - the death of aquatic organisms (Baikal endemic and common Siberian species) on the shore of the lake and the coastal system as a result of drying out and freezing habitats - drying of spawning the largest subpopulation May sculpin, which plays a very important role in the trophic food chain of omul, grayling and seals - the destruction of coastal ecosystems of the lake Baikal, where the fattening of young fish. CONCLUSION: natural regime of the aquatic and semi-aquatic biota is broken

Events of the federal program “Protection of Lake Baikal and the socio-economic development of the Baikal natural territory for ” in the preservation and reproduction of valuable fish species in Lake Baikal № п/п EventsExpected Result 1 Reconstruction of 4 hatcheries in the Barguzinsky, Pribaikalsky, Kabansky and Selenginsky regions of Buryatia Increasing of capacity for the production of juveniles of valuable fish species 2 Creating a mobile complex protection of aquatic biological resources in the lake Baikal 1 ship, 10 boats, two UAVs 3 Monitoring the number of seals Reducing the number of environmental offenses, the conservation of biodiversity 4 Carrying out the molecular genetic studies and early diagnosis of infectious diseases of fish The control of preservation of the gene pool of valuable endemic species (omul, grayling, lenok, whitefish and trout) in Lake Baikal 5 Testing methods and pilot sonar records Baikal omul: estimation and forecast the welfare of its population The control of preservation of the gene pool of valuable endemic species of fish in Lake Baikal

The characteristics of the annual inflow to the lake Baikal Annual distribution and extreme rating of inflow into the lake Baikal for the period Hydrograph of useful inflow into Lake Baikal 11

Fluctuations in Lake Baikal during the entire period of observation (m MOT) 12

The characteristics of long-term inflows to the lake Baikal : average annual– 1916 m3/day; minimum– 1106 m3/day (1903); maximum– 3251 m3/day (1932) : average annual – 1824 m3/day, minimum – 1244 m3/day (1979), maximum – 2848 m3/day (1973) : average annual – 1872 m3/day 13

The average level of the lake Baikal and the flow of the reservoir in

Schedule of lake Baikal level regulation in (scenarios inflow and ) 15

CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS By the design, placing, construction, reconstruction of hydraulic structures should be considered the options of hydro power plants in conditions of high and low water content. It must be provided and taken timely measures to protect water bodies and aquatic biological resources and other fauna and flora. By using of water bodies for the purpose of electricity production should be considered the interests of other water users and compliance with the requirements of rational use and protection of water bodies.

Thanks for your attention