Values and Emotions

Values, Attitudes, and Moods and Emotions Describe what managers try to achieve through work and how they think they should behave Attitudes Capture managers’ thoughts and feelings about their specific jobs and organizations. Moods and Emotions Encompass how managers actually feel when they are managing

Values Terminal Values Instrumental Values A personal conviction about life-long goals Instrumental Values A personal conviction about desired modes of conduct or ways of behaving Terminal Values A personal conviction about life-long goals A sense of accomplishment, equality, and self-respect. Instrumental Values A personal conviction about desired modes of conduct or ways of behaving Being hard-working, broadminded, capable.

Values Value System What a person is striving to achieve in life and how they want to behave

Mood & Emotions A feeling or state of mind Moods and Emotions Positive moods provide excitement and enthusiasm. Negative moods lead to fear, distress, and nervousness. A manager’s mood affects their treatment of others and how others respond to them. Subordinates perform better and relate better to managers who are in a positive mood. Current situations and a person's basic outlook affect a person’s current mood.

Emotions Defined Psychological, behavioral, and physiological episodes experienced toward an object, person, or event that create a state of readiness. Most emotions occur without our awareness

Attitudes versus Emotions Judgments about an attitude object Experiences related to an attitude object Based mainly on rational logic Based on innate and learned responses to environment Usually stable for days or longer Usually experienced for seconds or less

Emotions, Attitudes and Behavior Perceived Environment Attitude Feelings Beliefs Behavioral Intentions Cognitive process Emotional process Emotional Episodes Behavior

Generating Positive Emotions at Work The emotions-attitudes-behavior model illustrates that attitudes are shaped by ongoing emotional experiences. Thus, successful companies actively create more positive than negative emotional episodes.

Job Satisfaction and Customers Courtesy of Wegmans Food Markets Job satisfaction affects mood, leading to positive behaviors toward customers Less employee turnover, resulting in more consistent and familiar service

A Measure of Positive and Negative Mood at Work Source: A. P. Brief, M. J. Burke, J. M. George, B. Robinson, and J. Webster, “ Should Negative Affectivity Remain an Unmeasured Variable in the Study of Job Stress?” Journal of Applied Psychology 73 (1988): 193–98. Figure 3.6

Emotional Intelligence The ability to understand and manage one’s own moods and emotions and the moods and emotions of other people. Helps managers carry out their interpersonal roles of figurehead, leader, and liaison.

Emotional Intelligence Managers with a high level of emotional intelligence are more likely to understand how they are feeling and why More able to effectively manage their feelings so that they do not get in the way of effective decision-making

Role of Values and Norms Terminal values – signify what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish Instrumental values – guide the ways in which the organization and its members achieve organizational goals

Role of Values and Norms Managers determine and shape organizational culture through the kinds of values and norms they promote in an organization