1. Values, Attitudes & Job Satisfaction

2. VALUE SYSTEM Given below is a list of values, you are required to rank
them on a scale of 1-5 where 1 is the most important and
5 is the lowest important value as appear to you.
Punctuality
Self respect
Honesty
Cleanliness
Love
Assertiveness
Freedom
Happiness
Equality
_____________________

3. VALUES Judgmental element
Content (important or not) and intensity attribute (how important it is)
Hierarchy of values – personal value system
Relative importance assign to value

4. VALUE VALUE SYSTEM Basic conviction that a specific mode of conduct or
end-state of existence is personally or socially
preferable to an opposite or converse
mode of conduct or end-state of existence
VALUE SYSTEM
A HIERARCHY BASED ON A RANKING OF AN INDIVIDUAL’S VALUE IN TERMS OF THEIR INTENSITY

5. DO VALUES CHANGE??? “NO”…They are relatively permanent
They are formed in our earlier years of life
Black n white…… what about grey????
VALUES INFLUENCE OUR ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIORS
DIFFERENCE IN VALUE SYSTEM DETERMINES DIFFERENCES IN ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR

6. Types of values Milton Rokeach Value Survey
Terminal values: desirable states of existence; the goals which a person would like to achieve in his life.
Instrumental values: preferable modes of behavior or means of achieving one’s terminal values.

7. Value Survey Terminal Instrumental A comfortable life An exciting life
A sense of accomplishment
A world at peace
A world of beauty
Equality
Family security
Freedom
Happiness
Inner harmony
Love
Instrumental
Ambitious
Broad minded
Capable
Cheerful
Clean
Courageous
Forgiving
Helpful
Honest
Imaginative
Independent

8. ATTITUDE
“A favorable or unfavorable evaluation of and reaction to an object, person, event or idea.”
Evaluative statements
Either favorable or unfavorable
Concerning objects, people or events
Though attitudes express feelings but they are linked to cognitions!

9. ATTITUDES THREE COMPONENTS
Cognitive component (opinion or belief)
Affective component (emotional feelings)
Behavioral component (intention to behave)
Example: studying negative attitudes towards group
Negative beliefs (cognitive)
Prejudice, negative feelings (affective)
Discrimination, negative actions (behavioral)

10. ATTITUDES UNLIMITED TYPES OF ATTITUDES OB is concerned with three
Job Satisfaction (general attitudes)
Job involvement (self worth)
Organizational commitment (identifies with organization)
Humans tend to seek consistency among their attitudes and behaviors.
Attitudes are altered
Behaviors are altered
Some rationalization for inconsistency is sought.

11. Cognitive Dissonance
1950s Leon Festinger proposed the theory of Cognitive Dissonance
‘Any incompatibility between two ro more attitudes or between behavior and attitude.”
Complete dissonance is unavoidable.
Dissonance influenced by:
Unimportant elements
Choice/ Control over elements
Rewards

12. A-B Relationship A-B relationship – unrelated or slightly related.
A …….. Predicts………B
Variables
Importance of the attitude
Specificity
Accessibility
Social pressures
Direct experience

13. Self-Perception Theory
Daryl Bern (1972) – we make judgments about ourselves as we make judgments about other people.
Attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has already occurred.
Contrary to cognitive dissonance.
People tend to create attitudes after they have behaved in a particular manner.
When attitudes are vague and ambiguous Self-perception theory works.

14. Attitudes at Work Surveys Training to reshape employees attitudes
Customer attitudes (internal & external)

15. JOB SATISFACTION Measuring
Single-global rating
One-question rating
Summation score
Identifies key elements in a job, individual is then asked to rate on a scale
NO significant differences

16. Satisfaction in jobs What appears well is not be well!!!!
Pay alone does not bring higher satisfaction level.
Higher skills, Control, Greater responsibilities, Interest etc all have share in satisfaction.
Productivity enhancement, strict deadlines, overload of work etc contribute to low satisfaction level.

17. Job Satisfaction effects…..
JS and Productivity
Satisfaction: individual productivity
Satisfaction: organization productivity
JS and Absenteeism
Negative correlation
JS and Turnover
Negative but stronger correlation
High or poor performers

18. Dissatisfaction told……
Active
EXIT
VOICE
Destructive
Constructive
NEGLECT
LOYALTY
Passive

19. Job Satisfaction and Organizational Citizenship Behavior
Satisfied employees are positive towards organization, willing to go extra mile.
Fair in procedures, policies, rules. No kick backs.

20. Job Satisfaction ….. Customer Satisfaction
Satisfied employees increase customer satisfaction and loyalty.
They are more friendly, responsive, low turnover.
Dissatisfied customers can influence employee’s satisfaction

21. Case study
Suppose you work in an advertising agency as a client service manager. You are young, energetic, willing to learn and have a success story of 2 years working with the agency. You are handling major clients and enjoy good reputation within and outside the organization. One of your clients has even offered you a job. But you have declined and are really happy and satisfied. You report directly to the CEO. One day you found out that the agency hired a new experienced marketer now you will be reporting to him. This has caused you a substantial mental and emotional set back.
Questions:
What would be your immediate reaction to this situation?
Keeping the dissatisfaction model in view, what would be your strategy?