Periodic Trends

Periodic Table of the Elements What does the staircase line separate?

The 3 major distinctions of the Periodic Table 1. Metals 2. Nonmetals 3. Metalloids

Metals: To the left of the staircase line Physical Properties: Physical Properties:  Luster (shiny)  Good conductors  High density  High melting point  Malleable  Ductile (draw into wire) Chemical Properties: Chemical Properties:  Easily lose electrons  Corrode easily (ex: rusting or tarnishing)

Non metals: to the right of the staircase line Physical Properties: Physical Properties:  Dull  Poor conductor  Brittle  Not malleable  Low density and melting point Chemical Property: Chemical Property:  Tend to gain electrons

Metalloids: along the staircase line Solids Solids Shiny or dull Shiny or dull Malleable Malleable Conduct heat and electricity better than non metal but not as well as metals Conduct heat and electricity better than non metal but not as well as metals

Back to the Periodic Table… The elements are arranged in order of INCREASING atomic number (and atomic weight) The elements are arranged in order of INCREASING atomic number (and atomic weight) Another trend in the Periodic Table is the arrangement of Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns) Another trend in the Periodic Table is the arrangement of Periods (horizontal rows) and Groups (vertical columns)

Group 1: Alkali Metals strong metals that are unusually soft strong metals that are unusually soft very reactive toward Oxygen very reactive toward Oxygen All of these metals have one valence electron and are thus very reactive All of these metals have one valence electron and are thus very reactive

Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals not as soft as Group 1 metals. not as soft as Group 1 metals. react more mildly with Oxygen react more mildly with Oxygen These elements have two valence electrons and form cations These elements have two valence electrons and form cations

Transition Metals These metals are not as predictable as other metals These metals are not as predictable as other metals Wide variety of properties Wide variety of properties Groups 3-12 on periodic table Groups 3-12 on periodic table

Group 17 :Halogen only need one additional electron to complete their outer shells only need one additional electron to complete their outer shells “salt makers” “salt makers” Ex: NaCl, where Cl is a halogen Ex: NaCl, where Cl is a halogen

Group 18 : Noble gases Non-reactive Non-reactive Stable electron formation Stable electron formation Also known as “inert gases” Also known as “inert gases”