Chapter 20, Section 2 Lauren and Olivia

I. Population A.The Cause 1. Industrialization required more workers 2. Farm life was described as “…fret, fret, and work the whole time…” B. African Americans 1. Moved north to improve their lives 2. By 1890s, Chicago had large population of African Americans

II. City Life A.Middle-class lived in neatly lined row houses or apartments. 1. Disease rarely broke out. 2. Joined singing societies and bowling leagues. 3. Did charity work and belonged to religious organizations. a. Brought people together

B. Tenement houses 1. Apartment buildings separated into small apartments – usually no bathroom, windows, or heat. 2. Referred to as “great prison-like structures of brick.” C. Typhoid and cholera 1. Prone to tenement occupants a. Babies were usually victims of diseases. b. More then half the babies in one Chicago slum died before they were 1 year old.

D. Wealthy homeowners 1. Lived in large, finely built mansions with trees, shades, and green lawns millionaires lived in houses along the exclusive lake front. 3. Travelled to Europe, bought priceless art, and threw lavish parties. a. Once, a host handed out cigarettes with hundred-dollar bills rolled around them.

III. Cleaning Up Cities A.Problems in cities 1. Tenement buildings were death traps. 2. Garbage rotted in streets 3. Pollution from factories 4. Crime flourished 5. Thieves and pickpockets thrived

B. Reformers forced governments to pass building codes 1. Fire escapes and decent plumbing 2. Hired workers to clean up garbage 3. Zoning laws C. Policemen and firemen hired D. Engineers and architects designed new systems to bring water

IV. Help for Poor A.Mother Cabrini helped to found 70+ hospitals in the Americas B. Protestant groups set up programs for the poor (i. e. Salvation Army, YMCA, YWCA) C. Settlement house – a community center that offers service to the poor. 1. The Hall House, one of the best known settlement houses, was set up by Jane Adams