Baltimore Polytechnic Institute February 15, 2011 A.P. U.S. History Mr. Green

Objectives: Students will: Explain why the United States suddenly abandoned its isolationism and turned outward at the end of the nineteenth century. Describe the forces pushing for American overseas expansion and the causes of the Spanish-American War. Describe and explain the unintended results of the Spanish-American War, especially the conquest of Puerto Rico and the Philippines. Explain McKinley’s decision to keep the Philippines, and list the opposing arguments in the debate about imperialism. AP Focus Thinking Globally (The American Pageant, 14 th ed., pp. 694–695) looks at how the United States came late to empire-building, which European powers had used to colonize large parts of the world in the nineteenth century. Social Darwinism is one key justification for U.S. territorial expansion. Having expanded to the Pacific Ocean by the late nineteenth century, the United States will go on to establish a global empire. The first step is to defeat Spain and take over its crumbling empire. This is accomplished in the Spanish- American War, when the United States ostensibly comes to the aid of Cubans who are seeking to break the chains of Spanish imperialism. Having defeated the Spaniards and wrested from them their empire in the Caribbean and the Pacific, the United States faces an insurgency by people who earlier were its allies, notably the Cubans and Filipinos, who bridle at what they see as a new hegemonic power.

CHAPTER THEMES In the 1890s, a number of economic and political forces sparked a spectacular burst of imperialistic expansionism for the United States that culminated in the Spanish-American War—a war that began over freeing Cuba and ended with the highly controversial acquisition of the Philippines and other territories. In the wake of the Spanish-American War, President Theodore Roosevelt pursued a bold and sometimes controversial new policy of asserting America’s influence abroad, particularly in East Asia and Latin America.

Focus Questions Chapter 27 Due Wednesday Decades Chart 1890’s Dues Today.

Philippines excluded from peace negotiations with Spain U.S. made it clear they were staying in the Philippines February 4, 1899-Philippine insurrection led by Emilio Aguinaldo U.S. ended insurrection in ,234 Americans died 600,000 Filipinos William Howard Taft became civil governor in 1901 U.S. spent millions on roads, sanitation, public health Freedom on July 4, 1946

China vulnerable after its defeat to Japan in Russia and Germany established spheres of influence Open Door Note-John Hay Boxer Rebellion-Chinese nationalists killed 200 foreigners and 1,000s of Chinese Christians 18,000 multi-national troops sent

Republicans nominated William McKinley in 1900 and Teddy Roosevelt as V.P. Democrats nominate William Jennings Bryan platform: Republican overseas imperialism 7,218,491 to 6,356,734-popular vote 292 to 155-electoral vote McKinley assassinated in September 1901 by an anarchist in Buffalo, NY TR became youngest President at 42

Americans learned the need for the canal when the Oregon took weeks to sail around S. America Clayton-Bulwer Treaty-U.S. could not secure exclusive control over and isthmian route Hay-Pauncefote Treaty 1901-U.S. free hand to build and fortify Where to build?? Panama, a part of Colombia Colombia rejected U.S. offer Philippe Bunau-Varilla incited a rebellion on November 3, 1903 U.S. navy stopped Colombia for putting the rebellion down Varilla became Panamanian minister and signed the Hay- Bunau-Varilla Treaty Started in 1904, ended in 1914

“preventive intervention” or Roosevelt Corollary U.S. concerned Europe would come to Latin America to collect bills U.S. would intervene in future financial situations in Latin America to keep Europe out Initiated the “bad neighbor” policy Used to justify interventions

Russia wanted port access in Manchuria at Port Arthur in 1904 Japanese surprised Russia at Port Arthur in 1904 and then a series of defeats 1 st time a non-European force beat a European force since the 16 th century Japan came to TR to ask him to broker peace, as the Japanese were running out of men and money Neither side happy, Japan did get Korea TR won 1906 Nobel Peace Prize Hurt relations with both countries

Japanese people left as conditions caused tax increases and war 1906 San Francisco school board segregated Chinese, Japanese, and Korean students TR was not happy and invited the school board to the Whitehouse Gentlemen’s Agreement was the outcome Tokyo agreed to withhold passports to laborers to the U.S. TR sent the navy on a tour as a sign of strength Root-Takahira agreement-both U.S. and Japan would respect each other’s possessions in the Pacific

Begin Reading 1 st ½ of Chapter 28 page Prepare for 5 question quiz on Tuesday Focus questions for chapter 27 due Wednesday