Matter: Properties and Changes Chapter 5 Mrs. Shaw

Lesson 1: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the states of matter Compare the physical and chemical properties of matter Describe how matter is measured to calculate mass, volume and density

Review of the States of Matter What is matter? Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. What are the states of matter? FOUR STATES OF MATTER Solid Liquid Gas Plasma

Shape & Volume of Matter Type of Matter Shape & volume How are Atoms moving? Attractive force between atoms Solid Definite shape and volume vibrating Strong – holding them together Liquid Definite volume but no definite shape Sliding past each other Weaker force than solids Gas No definite shape and volume Atoms moving fast and free Very weak attractive force Plasma (Not in book) No definite shape or volume Atoms moving fast and free with an electrical charge

What do the particles (atoms) look like in each state of matter?

Physical Properties of Matter Mass and weight: Mass = amount of matter in an object Weight = mass X gravitational pull of Earth Volume: the amount of space an object takes up Density: the amount of matter in an object divided by the volume. D = m/v OR L x w x h = cm3

More Physical Properties of Matter Conductivity: the ability of an object or substance to conduct electricity. Boiling Point: the temperature in which the liquid changes to gas (Water = 100 degrees Celsius or 212 degrees Farenheit) Melting Point: the temp in which a solid becomes a liquid (Water = 0 degrees Celsius or 32 degrees Farenheit)

More Physical Properties of Matter Solubility: the ability of an object to dissolve in another Magnetism: the ability of an object to attract a magnetic force

What Physical properties of matter can we use to identify it? We can use Density and Melting Point to identify matter because they do not depend on the size of the sample.

Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical property: the ability or inability of a substance to combine with or change into one or more new substances Examples: Flammability: the ability of a type of substance to burn easily. Most flammable = Hydrogen (H) gas Ability to Rust: the ability of a type of substance to form rust when it reacts to exposure of oxygen and water. Most likely to Rust = Metals with Iron (Fe)

Lesson 2: LEARNING OBJECTIVES: Identify the types of changes of matter – physical and chemical Compare the signs of physical and chemical changes of matter Describe how mass is conserved when a chemical reaction occurs (Law of Conservation of Mass)

Physical Changes of Matter A change in the size, shape, form, or state of matter that does NOT change the matter’s identity is called a physical change.

Dissolving and Changing States Because the chemical properties of the substances in dissolving and changing states stay the same they are considered to be physical changes.

Chemical Changes A chemical change is a change in matter in which the substances that make up the matter change into another substance with different chemical properties

Signs of a Chemical Change Formation of Gas Explosion Formation of precipitate Odor change Color change

Energy and Chemical Change Some chemical changes release thermal, light, and sound energy. Some chemical changes need thermal energy for them to occur.

Law of Conservation of Mass Law states that the total mass before a chemical reaction is the same as the total mass after the chemical reaction.