GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER ARLENE G. VILLASANTE Leyte Normal University Eastern Visayas State University

1. Quick pronunciation review 2. Understand subject/verb agreement in English 3. Discuss how to teach grammar in elementary or high school classes.

PRONUNCIATION: How to speak with an American accent  Remember: there is no “right” way to pronounce English, simply different accents. “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Let’s try a sample sentence:

PRONUNCIATION: What the scholars say… “...Traditionally, Filipino English is described as syllable timed with each syllable coming with even beats, rather than following the stress timing of American and British English where the stress is on nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.” --Roger Thompson, “Filipino English and Taglish” (2003)

PRONUNCIATION: Word Stress “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Filipino: even rhythm American: uneven rhythm

“Instead of pronouncing unstressed vowels as a schwa, Filipinos pronounce each syllable with the full value indicated by the spelling.” -- Gonzales (1983) PRONUNCIATION

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.” Filipino: ter Filipino: fast American: fust American : tur In other words, Filipino speakers have more precise pronunciation than American speakers.

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” In American pronunciation, the schwa, or “uhh” sound, is the most common vowel sound. Examples:  'a' in about [ ə ˈ ba ʊ t]  'e' in taken [ ˈ te ɪ k ə n]  'i' in pencil [ ˈ p ɛ ns ə l]  'o' in eloquent [ ˈɛ l ə kw ə nt]  'u' in supply [s ə ˈ pla ɪ ]

PRONUNCIATION: The “Schwa” Americans tend to omit medial posttonic syllables. Examples:  Sep(a)rate  “Seprate”  Choc(o)late  “Choclate”  Cam(e)ra  “Camra”  Elab(o)rate  “Elabrate”

TRY TALKING LIKE AN AMERICAN I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast. tuh turfur fust Next: Subject-Verb Agreement

SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT It’s simple. It’s all about… “Do I use the singular or plural form of the verb?”

Pre-Test Directions: Examine the following sentences. If the underlined word is used correctly, write “C”. If incorrect, write the correct word. 1. Everyone have arrived at the restaurant. 2. Some flowers were spilled on the floor. 3. Some rice were spilled on the floor. 4. All the food was eaten at the dinner. 5. All the people was satisfied after the meal. 6. All of us were drinking coke. 7. Each of the guests were on time to the party. 8. Everybody were singing their favorite songs. 9. Have each of you finished your meal? 10. The prince as well as the princess were born in February. 11. The dog and the cat were fighting in the yard. 12. Together with his friends, Sir Ruel were travelling to Ormoc.

A: Some of the water are gone. B: Some of the water is gone. A: Everyone has done their homework B: Everyone have done their homework Example 1: Singular or Plural? A: Everyone has done their homework B: Everyone have done their homework A: Some of the water are gone. B: Some of the water is gone. singular? plural? plural singular plural Plural? Singular?

Method 1: Visual Reinforcement Use a spatial visual aid, like a chart or table, to help students memorize rules Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Always singular  Anyone is eligible for the scholarship.  Everyone has done their homework  Nobody is an expert on everything. his or her Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

All of the textbook is incorrect. All of the answers in the textbook are incorrect. All of the textbook is incorrect. All of the answers in the textbook are incorrect. Some of the water is gone Some of the beads are gone. Some of the water is gone. Some of the beads are gone. Singular or Plural not countable countable not countable countable Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Always Plural All of us are going to the beach. Many were at the seminar. Always SingularSingular or PluralAlways Plural AnyoneSomeAll of us EveryoneAllMany SomeoneNone No one Nobody

Example 2: Singular or Plural? A: Each of the students is responsible. B: Each of the students are responsible. plural subject

Method 2: Natural/Communicative Language Teaching Theory Instead of telling the answer, the teacher models correct grammar: Teacher: “Is each of the students responsible for their homework?” Student: “Yes, each of the students is responsible for their homework.”

Rule: each, everyone, and everybody are always singular! Right: Each of the students is responsible Wrong: Each of the students are responsible even though the noun is plural “each” always acts as singular

Naka gets? T: “Has each of you eaten breakfast?” S: “Yes, each of us has eaten breakfast.” T: “Is everyone following the instructions?” S: “Yes, everyone is following the instructions.” T: “Does everyone like ampalaya?” S: “No, everyone does not like ampalaya!”

Example 3: Singular or Plural? A: Precious as well her friend is going to the store. B: Precious as well as her friend are going to the store.

Method 3: Total Physical Response PRECIOUS IS GOING TO THE STORE ARE ALONG WITH HER FRIEND

Rule 1: inserted phrases do not change the subject from singular to plural Yes: Precious along with her friend is going to the store. No: Precious along with her friend are going to the store. Rule 1: inserted phrases do not change the subject from singular to plural Yes: Precious along with her friend is going to the store. No: Precious along with her friend are going to the store.

Inserted phrases Rule 2: the conjunction “and” does change the subject from singular to plural No: Precious and her friend is going to the store. Yes: Precious and her friend are going to the store.

Naka Gets? Singular or Plural? PRECIOUS HER FRIEND GOING TO THE STORE AND ARE IS MA’AM ARLENE SIR RUEL COMING WITH ME ALONG WITH

Method 4: Mother Tongue Scaffolding Teacher compares Waray grammar with English to bridge students’ old and new knowledge.

What are the 5 interactive methods of teaching grammar introduced today? Visual Reinforcement Natural/Communicative Language Total Physical Response Mother Tongue Scaffolding Game Playing

What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? Visual Reinforcement Natural/Communicative Language Total Physical Response Mother Tongue Scaffolding Game Playing Pros Cons

Post-Test Directions: Examine the following sentences. If the underlined word is used correctly, write “C”. If incorrect, write the correct word. 1. Everyone have arrived at the restaurant. 2. Some flowers were spilled on the floor. 3. Some rice were spilled on the floor. 4. All the food was eaten at the dinner. 5. All the people was satisfied after the meal. 6. All of us were drinking coke. 7. Each of the guests were on time to the party. 8. Everybody were singing their favorite songs. 9. Have each of you finished your meal? 10. The prince as well as the princess were born in February. 11. The dog and the cat were fighting in the yard. 12. Together with his friends, Sir Ruel were travelling to Ormoc.

Tapos Na!  Questions?  Comments?  Violent Reactions? “I am going to go to the internet for some information on breakfast.”