Ch. 14 Circulatory System: Common Disorders Miss Hillemann Human Anatomy & Physiology Neshaminy High School

Anemia  The oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced.  Many types.  Reduced numbers of RBCs or a decreased amount of hemoglobin in the blood.  Symptoms: fatigue intolerant of cold Pale skin

Sickle Cell Anemia  Abnormal hemoglobin (Hb-S)  When Hb-S releases O2 to interstitial fluid, it stiffens. Bend erythrocyte into a sickle shape  Sickled cells rupture easily (hemolysis)  Oxygen reduction  extensive tissue damage

Hemophilia  Inherited deficiency of clotting  Bleeding may occur spontaneously or after minor trauma.  Symptoms: spontaneous or traumatic subcutaneous and intramuscular hemorrhaging Nosebleeds blood in the urine Hemorrhages in joints

Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn  Rh incompatibility between a mother and her fetus  small amount of Rh+ blood leaks from fetus through placenta into bloodstream of Rh- mother Body makes anti-Rh antibodies Hemolysis in fetal blood  ABO incompatibility rarely causes problems Anti-A and anti-B antibodies do not cross placenta

Leukemia  Red bone marrow cancer  Abnormal WBCs in red bone marrow interferes with production of RBCs, WBCs, and platelets  Symptoms: Reduced blood oxygen More susceptible to infection Abnormal blood clotting Enlarged lymph nodes Anemia Weight loss Fever Night sweats