1. Blood Disorders
2.02 Understand the functions and disorders of the circulatory system 1

2. Rh factor: Erythroblastosis fetalis
This happens when on Rh- mom has a baby with an Rh+ dad. When the baby’s Rh factor is +, problems can develop if the baby’s RBC cross to the mom during birth.
What are the symptoms?
During second pregnancy the fetus is at
risk of attack from mom’s blood.
How is it treated?
Mom is given RHOgam injection after each
birth within 72 hours to stop antibody production.

3. Blood Disorders Anemia Symptoms of anemia: Short of breath
Increased Heart Rate
Tired - Fatigue
Dizziness
Why these symptoms occur?
Decrease in RBC’s
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4. Blood disorders: Embolism vs. Thrombus
Thrombus is air, blood clot, cancer cells, fat, etc. that is carried by the blood stream until it reaches an artery too small for passage
Embolism is when the clot breaks away and starts moving in the vessel
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5. Blood disorders: Embolism vs. Thrombus
Symptoms: pain, swelling, heat at sight of thrombus
Treatment: medication, RICE
Prognosis: good if treated early
Embolism can cause a stroke, heart attack, reduced kidney function, spread of cancer cells
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6. Blood disorders: hematoma vs. contusion
Hematoma: localized clotted mass of blood found in an organ, tissue or space usually caused by an injury
Contusion: is another name for a bruise. Capillaries are damaged and cause bleeding under the skin in the cellular space.
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7. Blood disorders: hematoma vs. contusion
Symptoms: pain, swelling, appearance of red/purple marks
Treatment: contusion - RICE
Hematoma - make sure bleeding has stopped
Prognosis: good if treated early
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8. Blood disorders: Hemophilia
Blood clots slow or abnormally
Missing a clotting factor.
Sex-linked - transmitted genetically from others to sons
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9. Blood disorders: Hemophilia
Symptoms: blood clots slowly or abnormally
Treat with missing clotting factor and avoid trauma
Prognosis much better than in the past, improvements in medicine have prolonged their lives
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10. Blood disorders: Leukemia
What is leukemia?
Malignant cancer of the blood
Cause: overproduction of immature WBC’s that hinder synthesis of RBC’s
Symptoms:
Involve all systems of body
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11. Blood disorders: Leukemia
Treatment:
Bone marrow transplants
and chemotherapy
Prognosis:
Remission rate is increasing
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12. Blood disorders:Multiple Myeloma
What is multiple myeloma? Malignant neoplasm of plasma cells or B-lymphocytes
The plasma cells multiply abnormally causing multiple amounts of tumors
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13. Blood disorders:Multiple Myeloma
Symptoms: pain, tiredness, nervous system problems, nausea and vomiting
Treatment:
Palliative (improving quality of life by reducing pain and suffering)
Chemo and radiation do not work very well.
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14. Blood disorders: Polycythemia
What is polycythemia?
Too many red blood cells
What are the symptoms?
Headache, double vision,
itching, look of sunburn
How is it treated?
Removal of blood, approx. 1 pint may need to be done regularly
Plasma
Cellular elements 14

15. Blood disorders: Septicemia
Presence of pathogenic (disease -producing) organisms or toxins in the blood (bacteria)
Infection of the blood
Treatment: antibiotics are used
to kill the bacteria
Prognosis: if not treated early
can cause shock that leads
to organ failure
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16. Blood disorders: Sickle Cell Anemia
Cause:
Inherited from both parents
What is sickle cell anemia?
Chronic blood disease where blood cells are formed in a sickle shape
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17. Blood disorders: Sickle Cell Anemia
Symptoms:
Pain, shortness of breath when the vein is blocked
Treatment:
Pain medication, oxygen, blood transfusion, fluids
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