International Marketing: Chapter 3 Key Concepts u Self-reference criterion u Major global population trends u Importance of history to international marketing u Importance of geography to international marketing u Impact of climate and topography

Global Demand u Determine today’s demand for goods –Rural/urban population shifts –Rates of growth –Age levels u Will profoundly affect future demand

Major Global Population Trends u Rural to urban migration –Education –Health care –Jobs u Population decline and aging –Developed countries –U.S., Germany, Japan, France u Worker shortage and immigration –Developed countries –U.S., Germany, Japan, France

Tomorrow’s Global Consumers: Urban Dwellers in Developing Countries u BY THE YEAR 2025: u 70% of world’s population will live in urban areas u 85% of the world’s population will be in developing countries –Africa –Asia –Latin America

History Provides Perspective u History helps define a nation’s mission –How it perceives its neighbors –How it perceives itself –How it perceives its place in the world u Historical insights help us to understand contemporary attitudes u Important to study culture as it is now and as it was before

History is Very Subjective u History is viewed from one’s own self- reference criterion (SRC) u Different countries, different perceptions

Manifest Destiny and the Monroe Doctrine u Basis for U.S. foreign policy –19 th & 20 th centuries u Manifest Destiny u Monroe Doctrine u Roosevelt Corollary

Geography and Global Markets u Geography –an element of the uncontrollable environment –affects a society’s culture and economy –affects a nation’s ability to supply products

Climate and Topography u Climate and topography –an element of the uncontrollable environment –altitude, humidity, temperature extremes

History and Geography u The foundations of cultural understanding u History defines the “mission” of a country u Geography defines how a society’s culture and economy are affected by its physical makeup